PEERAGE
			Last updated 11/10/2024
Date	Rank	Order	Name	Born	Died	Age
			SLIM
15 Jul 1960	V	1	Sir William Joseph Slim	6 Aug 1891	14 Dec 1970	79
			Created Viscount Slim 15 Jul 1960
			Governor General of Australia 1953-1960
			Field Marshal 1949   KG 1959
14 Dec 1970		2	John Douglas Slim  [Elected hereditary peer 1999-]	20 Jul 1927	12 Jan 2019	91
12 Jan 2019		3	Mark William Rawdon Slim	13 Feb 1960
			SLYNN OF HADLEY
11 Mar 1992	B[L]	1	Sir Gordon Slynn	17 Feb 1930	7 Apr 2009	79
to			Created Baron Slynn of Hadley for life
7 Apr 2009			11 Mar 1992
			Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 1992-2002
			PC 1992
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SMITH
13 Jul 1978	B[L]	1	Sir (Edwin) Rodney Smith	10 May 1914	1 Jul 1998	84
to			Created Baron Smith for life 13 Jul 1978
1 Jul 1998			Peerage extinct on his death
			SMITH OF BASILDON
7 Jul 2010	B[L]	1	Angela Evans Smith	7 Jan 1959
			Created Baroness Smith of Basildon for life
			7 Jul 2010
			MP for Basildon 1997-2010.  PC 2009
			SMITH OF CLIFTON
4 Nov 1997	B[L]	1	Sir Trevor Arthur Smith	14 Jun 1937	21 Apr 2021	83
to			Created Baron Smith of Clifton for life
21 Apr 2021			4 Nov 1997
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SMITH OF CLUNY
9 Oct 2024	B[L]	1	Catherine Anne Smith, KC	4 May 1973
			Created Baroness Smith of Cluny for life
			9 Oct 2024
			SMITH OF FINSBURY
22 Jun 2005	B[L]	1	Christopher Robert Smith	24 Jul 1951
			Created Baron Smith of Finsbury for life
			22 Jun 2005
			MP for Islington South and Finsbury 1983-2005.
			Secretary of State for Culture,Media and Sport
			1997-2001. PC 1997
			SMITH OF GILMOREHILL
17 Feb 1995	B[L]	1	Elizabeth Margaret Smith	4 Jun 1940
			Created Baroness Smith of Gilmorehill
			for life 17 Feb 1995
			SMITH OF HINDHEAD
29 Sep 2015	B[L]	1	Philip Roland Smith	16 Feb 1966
			Created Baron Smith of Hindhead for
			life 29 Sep 2015
			SMITH OF KELVIN
29 May 2008	B[L]	1	Sir Robert Haldane Smith	8 Aug 1944
			Created Baron Smith of Kelvin for life
			29 May 2008
			KT 2013  CH 2016
			SMITH OF LEIGH
5 Aug 1999	B[L]	1	Peter Smith	24 Jul 1945	3 Aug 2021	76
to			Created Baron Smith of Leigh for life
3 Aug 2021			5 Aug 1999
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SMITH OF LLANFAES
13 Mar 2024	B[L]	1	Carmen Ria Smith	15 Mar 1996
			Created Baroness Smith of Llanfaes for life
			13 Mar 2024
			SMITH OF MALVERN
17 Jul 2024	B[L]	1	Jacqueline Jill Smith, PC	3 Nov 1962
			Created Baroness Smith of Malvern for life
			17 Jul 2024
			SMITH OF NEWNHAM
12 Sep 2014	B[L]	1	Julie Elizabeth Smith	1 Jun 1969
			Created Baroness Smith of Newnham for life
			12 Sep 2014
			SNAPE
9 Jun 2004	B[L]	1	Peter Charles Snape	12 Feb 1942
			Created Baron Snape for life 9 Jun 2004
			MP for West Bromwich East 1974-2001
			SNELL
23 Mar 1931	B	1	Henry Snell	1 Apr 1865	21 Apr 1944	79
to			Created Baron Snell 23 Mar 1931
21 Apr 1944			MP for Woolwich East 1922-1931. PC 1937
			CH 1943
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SNOW
29 Oct 1964	B[L]	1	Sir Charles Percy Snow	15 Oct 1905	1 Jul 1980	74
to			Created Baron Snow for life 29 Oct 1964
1 Jul 1980			Peerage extinct on his death
			SNOWDEN
24 Nov 1931	V	1	Philip Snowden	18 Jul 1864	15 May 1937	72
to			Created Viscount Snowden 24 Nov 1931
15 May 1937			MP for Blackburn 1906-1918 and Colne
			Valley 1922-1931. Chancellor of the
			Exchequer 1924 and 1929-1931. Lord Privy
			Seal 1931-1932.  PC 1924
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SNOWDON
26 Jul 1726	B	1	Frederick Lewis	20 Jan 1707	20 Mar 1751	44
			Created Baron of Snowdon,Viscount
			of Launceston,Earl of Eltham,
			Marquess of the Isle of Ely and Duke
			of Edinburgh 26 Jul 1726
			See "Edinburgh"
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 Oct 1961	E	1	Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones	7 Mar 1930	13 Jan 2017	86
			Created Earl of Snowdon and Viscount
			Linley 6 Oct 1961
			He was also created Baron Armstrong-
			Jones for life 16 Nov 1999
13 Jan 2017		2	David Albert Charles Armstrong-Jones	3 Nov 1961
			SOAMES
19 Apr 1978	B[L]	1	Sir Arthur Christopher John Soames	12 Oct 1920	16 Sep 1987	66
to			Created Baron Soames for life 19 Apr 1978
16 Sep 1987			MP for Bedford 1950-1966. Secretary of
			State for War 1958-1960. Minister of Agriculture
			Fisheries and Food 1960-1964. Lord President of
			the Council 1979-1981. Governor of Southern
			Rhodesia 1979-1980   PC 1958  CH 1980
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SOAMES OF FLETCHING
28 Oct 2022	B[L]	1	Sir Arthur Nicholas Winston Soames	12 Feb 1948
			Created Baron Soames of Fletching for life 28 Oct 2022
			SOBERTON
17 Feb 1806	B	1	Thomas Anson	14 Feb 1767	31 Jul 1818	51
			Created Baron Soberton and Viscount
			Anson 17 Feb 1806
			See "Anson"
			SOLEY
29 Jun 2005	B[L]	1	Clive Stafford Soley	7 May 1939
			Created Baron Soley for life 29 Jun 2005
			MP for Hammersmith North 1979-1983,
			Hammersmith 1983-1997 and Ealing,Acton and
			Shepherd's Bush 1997-2005
			SOLWAY
17 Jun 1707	E[S]	1	Charles Douglas,later [1711] 3rd Duke of
			Queensberry and 2nd Duke of Dover	24 Nov 1698	22 Oct 1778	79
			Created Lord Douglas,Viscount of
			Tiberris and Earl of Solway 17 Jun 1707
			See "Queensberry" - extinct on his death
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 Jun 1833	B	1	Charles Douglas Douglas,6th Marquess of
to			Queensberry	Mar 1777	3 Dec 1837	60
3 Dec 1837			Created Baron Solway 7 Jun 1833
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SOMERHILL
3 Apr 1624	B	1	Richard Bourke,4th Earl of Clanricarde	1572	12 Nov 1635	63
			Created Baron of Somerhill and
			Viscount Tunbridge 3 Apr 1624 and
			Baron of Imanney,Viscount Galway and
			Earl of St.Albans 23 Aug 1628
			See "Clanricarde"
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 Jul 1826	B	1	Ulick John de Burgh,1st Marquess of
			Clanricarde	20 Dec 1802	10 Apr 1874	71
			Created Baron Somerhill 4 Jul 1826
			See "Clanricarde"
			SOMERLEYTON
26 Jun 1916	B	1	Sir Savile Brinton Crossley,2nd baronet	14 Jun 1857	25 Feb 1935	77
			Created Baron Somerleyton
			26 Jun 1916
			MP for Lowestoft 1882-1890 and Halifax
			1900-1906. Paymaster General 1902-1906
			PC 1902
25 Feb 1935		2	Francis Savile Crossley	1 Jun 1889	15 Jul 1959	70
15 Jul 1959		3	Savile William Francis Crossley	17 Sep 1928	24 Jan 2012	83
24 Jan 2012		4	Hugh Francis Savile Crossley	27 Sep 1971
			SOMERS
2 Dec 1697	B	1	John Somers	4 Mar 1651	26 Apr 1716	65
to			Created Baron Somers 2 Dec 1697
26 Apr 1716			MP for Worcester 1689-1693. Solicitor
			General 1689-1692. Attorney General
			1692-1693. Lord Keeper 1693-1697.
			Lord Chancellor 1697-1700. President of
			the Royal Society 1698-1703. Lord President
			of the Council 1708-1710. PC 1693
			Peerage extinct on his death
			---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17 May 1784	B	1	Sir Charles Cocks,1st baronet	29 Jun 1725	30 Jan 1806	80
			Created Baron Somers 17 May 1784
			MP for Reigate 1747-1784
30 Jan 1806		2	John Sommers Cocks	6 May 1760	5 Jan 1841	80
17 Jul 1821	E	1	Created Viscount Eastnor and Earl
			Somers 17 Jul 1821
			MP for West Looe 1782-1784, Grampound
			1784-1790 and Reigate 1790-1806. Lord
			Lieutenant Hereford 1817-1841
5 Jan 1841		3	John Sommers Somers-Cocks	19 Mar 1788	5 Oct 1852	64
		2	MP for Reigate 1812-1818, Hereford 1818-
			1832 and Reigate 1832-1841. Lord
			Lieutenant Hereford 1845-1852
5 Oct 1852		4	Charles Somers Somers-Cocks	14 Jul 1819	26 Sep 1883	64
to		3	MP for Reigate 1841-1847
26 Sep 1883			On his death the Earldom became extinct
			whilst the Barony passed to -
26 Sep 1883		5	Philip Reginald Cocks	22 Aug 1815	30 Sep 1899	84
30 Sep 1899		6	Arthur Herbert Tennyson Somers Cocks	20 Mar 1887	14 Jul 1944	57
			Governor of Victoria 1926-1931. Lord
			Lieutenant Hereford 1933-1944
14 Jul 1944		7	Arthur Percy Somers Cocks	23 Nov 1864	8 Feb 1953	88
8 Feb 1953		8	John Patrick Somers Cocks	30 Apr 1907	15 Feb 1995	87
15 Feb 1995		9	Philip Sebastian Somers-Cocks	4 Jan 1948
			SOMERSET
10 Feb 1397	E	1	John Beaufort	c 1371	21 Apr 1410
29 Sep 1397	M	1	Created Earl of Somerset 10 Feb 1397
to			and Marquess of Somerset 29 Sep 1397
1399			KG 1396
			He was degraded from the Marquessate
			in 1399
21 Apr 1410		2	Henry Beaufort	16 Oct 1401	25 Nov 1418	17
25 Nov 1418		3	John Beaufort	1404	27 May 1444	39
28 Aug 1443	D	1	Created Earl of Kendal and Duke of
to			Somerset 28 Aug 1443
27 May 1444			KG c 1439
			On his death the creations of 1443 became
			extinct whilst the Earldom passed to -
27 May 1444		4	Edmund Beaufort,1st Marquess of Dorset	c 1406	23 May 1455
31 Mar 1448	D	1	Created Duke of Somerset 31 Mar 1448
			KG 1436
23 May 1455		2	Henry Beaufort	Apr 1436	3 Apr 1464	27
to			he was attainted and the peerages
3 Apr 1464			forfeited
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 Feb 1499	D	1	Edmund Tudor	10 Feb 1499	19 Jun 1500	1
to			Created Duke of Somerset 24 Feb 1499
19 Jun 1500			Peerage extinct on his death
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18 Jun 1525	D	1	Henry Fitzroy	1519	22 Jul 1536	17
to			Created Earl of Nottingham and Duke
22 Jul 1536			of Richmond and Somerset 18 Jun 1525
			illegitimate son of Henry VIII
			Peerages extinct on his death
			-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 Feb 1547	D	1	Edward Seymour	c 1500	22 Jan 1552
to			Created Viscount Beauchamp of Hache
22 Jan 1552			5 Jun 1536, Earl of Hertford 18 Oct 1537
			and Duke of Somerset 16 Feb 1547
			KG 1541
			He was attainted and the peerages
			forfeited. Peerage restored 1660
			(see below)
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 Nov 1613	E	1	Robert Carr	c 1587	17 Jul 1645
to			Created Viscount Rochester 25 Mar
17 Jul 1645			1611, and Baron Brancepeth and Earl
			of Somerset 3 Nov 1613
			KG 1611. Lord Lieutenant Durham 1615
			Peerage extinct on his death
			For information on this peer and his wife and her
			involvement the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury,see
			the note at the foot of the page containing details
			of the Earls of Essex
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 Sep 1660	D	2	William Seymour,1st Marquess of Hertford	1588	24 Oct 1660	72
			He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of
			Acceleration as Baron Beauchamp in Feb 1621.
			Created Marquess of Hertford 3 Jun 1640
			Restored to the peerage 1660
			Lord Lieutenant Somerset and Wiltshire 1660
			KG 1650
24 Oct 1660		3	William Seymour	17 Apr 1652	12 Dec 1671	19
12 Dec 1671		4	John Seymour	c 1633	29 Apr 1675
			MP for Marlborough 1661-1671. Lord
			Lieutenant Somerset and Wiltshire 1672-1675
29 Apr 1675		5	Francis Seymour	17 Jan 1658	20 Apr 1678	20
20 Apr 1678		6	Charles Seymour	13 Aug 1662	2 Dec 1748	86
			Lord Lieutenant E Riding Yorkshire 1682-
			1687 and Somerset 1683-1687. Lord
			President of the Council 1702.  KG 1684
			PC 1702
			For further information on this peer, see the
			note at the foot of this page.
2 Dec 1748		7	Algernon Seymour	11 Nov 1684	7 Feb 1750	65
			Summoned to Parliament as Lord Percy
			23 Nov 1722. Created Baron Warkworth and
			Earl of Northumberland 2 Oct 1749 and Baron
			Cockermouth and Earl of Egremont
			3 Oct 1749
			MP for Marlborough 1705-1708 and
			Northumberland 1708-1722. Lord
			Lieutenant Sussex 1706-1750.
7 Feb 1750		8	Sir Edward Seymour,6th baronet	17 Jan 1695	15 Dec 1757	62
			MP for Salisbury 1741-1747
15 Dec 1757		9	Edward Seymour	2 Jan 1718	2 Jan 1792	74
			PC 1770
2 Jan 1792		10	Webb Seymour	3 Dec 1718	15 Dec 1793	75
15 Dec 1793		11	Edward Adolphus Seymour	24 Feb 1775	15 Aug 1855	80
			KG 1837
15 Aug 1855		12	Edward Adolphus Seymour	20 Dec 1804	28 Nov 1885	80
			Created Earl Saint Maur 19 Jun 1863
			MP for Okehampton 1830-1831 and Totnes
			1834-1855. Chief Commissioner of Woods
			and Forests 1849-1852. First Lord of the
			Admiralty 1859-1866. Lord Lieutenant
			Devon 1861-1885. PC 1851  KG 1862
			For further information on the two sons of this
			peer, see the note at the foot of this page.
28 Nov 1885		13	Archibald Henry Algernon St,Maur	30 Dec 1810	10 Jan 1891	80
10 Jan 1891		14	Algernon Percy Banks St.Maur	22 Dec 1813	2 Oct 1894	80
2 Oct 1894		15	Algernon St.Maur	22 Jul 1846	22 Oct 1923	77
22 Oct 1923		16	Edward Hamilton Seymour	19 May 1860	5 May 1931	70
			For further information regarding a counter-
			claim to this peerage, see the note at the foot
			of this page.
5 May 1931		17	Evelyn Francis Edward Seymour	1 May 1882	26 Apr 1954	71
			Lord Lieutenant Wiltshire 1942-1954
26 Apr 1954		18	Percy Hamilton Seymour	27 Sep 1910	15 Nov 1984	74
15 Nov 1984		19	John Michael Edward Seymour  [Elected hereditary	30 Dec 1952
			peer 2014-]
			SOMERSET OF CASHEL
8 Dec 1626	V[I]	1	Thomas Somerset	1579	Jun 1649	69
to			Created Viscount Somerset of
Jun 1649			Cashel 8 Dec 1626
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SOMERTON
30 Dec 1800	V[I]	1	Charles Agar	22 Dec 1736	14 Jul 1809	72
			Created Baron Somerton 12 Jun 1795,
			Viscount Somerton 30 Dec 1800 and
			Earl of Normanton 4 Feb 1806
			See "Normanton"
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9 Apr 1873	B	1	James Charles Herbert Welbore Ellis Agar,	17 Sep 1818	19 Dec 1896	78
			3rd Earl of Normanton
			Created Baron Somerton 9 Apr 1873
			See "Normanton"
			SOMERVELL OF HARROW
4 Oct 1954	B[L]	1	Sir Donald Bradley Somervell	24 Aug 1889	18 Nov 1960	71
to			Created Baron Somervell of Harrow for life
18 Nov 1960			4 Oct 1954
			MP for Crewe 1931-1945. Solicitor General 1933-
			1936. Attorney General 1936-1945. Home
			Secretary 1945. Lord Justice of Appeal 1946-1954.
			Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 1954-1960. PC 1938
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SOMERVILLE
c 1435	B[S]	1	Sir Thomas Somerville		Dec 1444
			Created Lord Somerville c 1435
Dec 1444		2	William Somerville	c 1400	20 Aug 1456
20 Aug 1456		3	John Somerville		Nov 1491
Nov 1491		4	John Somerville		1523
1523		5	Hugh Somerville	c 1484	1549
1549		6	James Somerville	c 1518	Dec 1569
Dec 1569		7	Hugh Somerville	c 1539	24 Mar 1597
24 Mar 1597		8	Gilbert Somerville	c 1568	1618
			On his death the peerage became dormant. The
			line of descent was as follows-
[1618]		9	Hugh Somerville	c 1573	Apr 1640
[Apr 1640]		10	James Somerville	Jan 1596	3 Jan 1677	80
[3 Jan 1677]		11	James Somerville	Jan 1632	7 Feb 1693	61
[7 Feb 1693]		12	James Somerville	1674	4 Dec 1709	35
[4 Dec 1709]		13	James Somerville	Jan 1698	14 Dec 1765	67
27 May 1723			The House of Lords approved his right to the title
			in 1723
14 Dec 1765		14	James Somerville	Jan 1727	16 Apr 1796	69
16 Apr 1796		15	John Southey Somerville	21 Sep 1765	5 Oct 1819	54
5 Oct 1819		16	Mark Somerville	26 Oct 1784	3 Jun 1842	57
3 Jun 1842		17	Kenelm Somerville	14 Nov 1787	19 Oct 1864	76
19 Oct 1864		18	Hugh Somerville	11 Oct 1839	17 Nov 1868	29
17 Oct 1868		19	Aubrey John Somerville	1 Feb 1838	28 Aug 1870	32
to			On his death the peerage again became dormant
28 Aug 1870			For further information on this peerage,
			see the note at the foot of this page
			SOMERY
10 Mar 1308	B	1	John de Somery	c 1279	29 Dec 1321
to			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
29 Dec 1321			Somery 10 Mar 1308
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SONDES
8 Apr 1676	V	1	Sir George Sondes	1600	16 Apr 1677	76
			Created Baron of Throwley,Viscount
			Sondes and Earl of Feversham
			8 Apr 1676
			MP for Ashburton 1661-1676
16 Apr 1677		2	Louis de Duras	1641	19 Apr 1709	67
to			Created Baron Duras 29 Jan 1673
19 Apr 1709			Peerages extinct on his death
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19 Oct 1714	V	1	Lewis Watson,3rd Baron Rockingham	29 Dec 1655	19 Mar 1724	68
			Created Baron Throwley,Viscount
			Sondes and Earl of Rockingham
			19 Oct 1714
			See "Rockingham" - extinct 1746
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 May 1760	B	1	Lewis Watson	28 Nov 1728	30 Mar 1795	66
			Created Baron Sondes 22 May 1760
			MP for Boroughbridge 1750-1754 and
			Kent 1754-1760
30 Mar 1795		2	Lewis Thomas Watson	18 Apr 1754	20 Jun 1806	52
			MP for Hedon 1776-1780
20 Jun 1806		3	Lewis Richard Watson	24 May 1792	14 Mar 1836	43
14 Mar 1836		4	George John Milles	20 Jan 1794	17 Dec 1874	80
17 Dec 1874		5	George Watson Milles	2 Oct 1824	10 Sep 1894	69
4 May 1880	E	1	Created Viscount Throwley and Earl
			Sondes 4 May 1880
			MP for Kent East 1868-1874
10 Sep 1894		2	George Edward Milles-Lade	11 May 1861	1 Oct 1907	46
1 Oct 1907		3	Lewis Arthur Milles	3 Oct 1866	17 Jan 1941	74
17 Jan 1941		4	George Henry Milles	8 Feb 1914	30 Apr 1970	56
30 Apr 1970		5	Henry George Herbert Milles-Lade	1 May 1940	2 Dec 1996	56
to			Peerage extinct on his death
2 Dec 1996
			SOPER
12 May 1965	B[L]	1	Donald Oliver Soper	31 Jan 1903	22 Dec 1998	95
to			Created Baron Soper for life 12 May 1965
22 Dec 1998			Peerage extinct on his death
			SORENSEN
15 Dec 1964	B[L]	1	Reginald William Sorensen	19 Jun 1891	8 Oct 1971	80
to			Created Baron Sorensen for life 15 Dec 1964
8 Oct 1971			MP for Leyton West 1929-1931 and 1935-
			1950 and Leyton 1950-1964
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SOULBURY
16 Jul 1954	V	1	Herwald Ramsbotham	6 Mar 1887	30 Jan 1971	83
			Created Baron Soulbury 6 Aug 1941
			and Viscount Soulbury 16 Jul 1954
			MP for Lancaster 1929-1941. Minister of
			Pensions 1936-1939. First Commissioner of
			Works 1939-1940. President of the Board
			of Education 1940-1941. Governor General
			of Ceylon 1949-1954.  PC 1939
30 Jan 1971		2	James Herwald Ramsbotham	21 Mar 1915	12 Dec 2004	89
12 Dec 2004		3	Sir Peter Edward Ramsbotham	8 Oct 1919	9 Apr 2010	90
			Governor of Bermuda 1977-1980
9 Apr 2010		4	Oliver Peter Ramsbotham	27 Oct 1943
			SOULSBY OF SWAFFHAM PRIOR
22 May 1990	B[L]	1	Ernest Jackson Lawson Soulsby	23 Jun 1926	8 May 2017	90
to			Created Baron Soulsby of Swaffham Prior
8 May 2017			for life 22 May 1990
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SOUTHAM
22 Oct 1844	V	1	Edward Law,2nd Baron Ellenborough	8 Sep 1790	22 Dec 1871	81
to			Created Viscount Southam and Earl of
22 Dec 1871			Ellenborough 22 Oct 1844
			This peerage extinct on his death
			SOUTHAMPTON
18 Oct 1537	E	1	Sir William Fitzwilliam	c 1490	15 Oct 1542
to			Created Earl of Southampton
15 Oct 1542			18 Oct 1537
			MP for Surrey 1529-1536. Chancellor of
			the Duchy of Lancaster 1529-1542. Lord
			Privy Seal 1539. KG 1526
			Peerage extinct on his death
			-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16 Feb 1547	E	1	Thomas Wriothesley	21 Dec 1505	30 Jul 1550	44
			Created Baron Wriothesley 1 Jan 1544
			and Earl of Southampton 16 Feb 1547
			MP for Hampshire 1542-1544. Lord
			Chancellor 1544-1547.  KG 1545
30 Jul 1550		2	Henry Wriothesley	24 Apr 1545	4 Oct 1581	36
4 Oct 1581		3	Henry Wriothesley	6 Oct 1573	10 Nov 1624	51
			He was attainted and the peerages
			forfeited in 1601 but was restored to the
			peerages on 21 Jul 1603
			KG 1603
10 Nov 1624		4	Thomas Wriothesley  (also 2nd Earl of Chichester)	10 Mar 1607	16 May 1667	60
to			Lord High Treasurer 1660-1667.  KG 1650
16 May 1667			Lord Lieutenant Hampshire 1660-1667, Kent
			1662-1667,Norfolk 1660-1661,Wiltshire
			1661-1667 and Worcester 1662-1663
			Peerages extinct on his death
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 Aug 1670	E	1	Barbara Palmer	1641	9 Oct 1709	68
			Created Baroness Nonsuch,Countess
			of Southampton and Duchess of
			Cleveland 3 Aug 1670
			See "Cleveland"
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10 Sep 1675	D	1	Charles Fitzroy	18 Jun 1662	9 Sep 1730	68
			Created Baron of Newbury,Earl of
			Chichester and Duke of Southampton
			10 Sep 1675
			KG 1673
			He subsequently succeeded to the Dukedom
			of Cleveland (qv) in 1709
9 Sep 1730		2	William Fitzroy	19 Feb 1698	18 May 1774	76
to			Peerages extinct on his death
18 May 1774
			-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17 Oct 1780	B	1	Charles FitzRoy	25 Jun 1737	21 Mar 1797	59
			Created Baron Southampton
			17 Oct 1780
			MP for Orford 1759-1761, Bury St.Edmunds
			1761-1774 and Thetford 1774-1780
			For information on his second son, Charles,and
			his relationship with Princess Amelia, youngest
			daughter of King George III,see the note at the
			foot of this page
21 Mar 1797		2	George Ferdinand FitzRoy	7 Aug 1761	24 Jun 1810	48
			MP for Bury St.Edmunds 1784-1787
24 Jun 1810		3	Charles FitzRoy	28 Sep 1804	16 Jul 1872	67
			Lord Lieutenant Northampton 1867-1872
16 Jul 1872		4	Charles Henry FitzRoy	11 May 1867	7 Dec 1958	91
7 Dec 1958		5	Charles FitzRoy	3 Jan 1904	1989	85
to			He disclaimed the peerage for life in 1964
16 Mar 1964
1989		6	Charles James FitzRoy	12 Aug 1928	10 Jan 2015	86
			For further information on this peer, see the note
			at the foot of this page
10 Jan 2015		7	Edward Charles FitzRoy	8 Jul 1955
			SOUTHBOROUGH
1 Nov 1917	B	1	Sir Francis John Stephens Hopwood	2 Dec 1860	17 Jan 1947	86
			Created Baron Southborough
			1 Nov 1917
			PC 1912
17 Jan 1947		2	James Spencer Neill Hopwood	17 Jan 1889	25 Feb 1960	71
25 Feb 1960		3	Francis John Hopwood	7 Mar 1897	4 Feb 1982	84
4 Feb 1982		4	Francis Michael Hopwood	3 May 1922	15 Jun 1992	70
to			Peerage extinct on his death
15 Jun 1992
			SOUTHESK
22 Jun 1633	E[S]	1	David Carnegie	1575	Feb 1658	82
			Created Lord Carnegie of Kinnaird
			14 Apr 1616,and Lord Carnegie of
			Kinnaird and Leuchars and Earl of
			Southesk 22 Jun 1633
Feb 1658		2	James Carnegie		Mar 1669
Mar 1669		3	Robert Carnegie		19 Feb 1688
19 Feb 1688		4	Charles Carnegie	7 Apr 1661	9 Aug 1699	38
9 Aug 1699		5	James Carnegie	1692	10 Feb 1730	37
to			He was attainted and the peerage forfeited
1715
[10 Feb 1730]		[6]	[James Carnegie]		30 Apr 1765
[30 Apr 1765]		[7]	[David Carnegie]		25 May 1805
[25 May 1805]		[8]	[James Carnegie]	28 Sep 1799	30 Jan 1849	49
[30 Jan 1849]		9	Sir James Carnegie,6th baronet	16 Nov 1827	21 Feb 1905	77
2 Jul 1855			He obtained a reversal of the
			attainder in 1855
			Created Baron Balinhard 7 Dec 1869
			Lord Lieutenant Kincardine 1849-1856
			KT 1869
			For information on David Wynford Carnegie,this
			peer's youngest son,see the note at the foot
			of this page
21 Feb 1905		10	Charles Noel Carnegie	20 Mar 1854	10 Nov 1941	87
10 Nov 1941		11	Charles Alexander Carnegie	23 Sep 1893	16 Feb 1992	98
16 Feb 1992		12	James George Alexander Bannerman
			Carnegie	23 Sep 1929
			He had previously succeeded to the
			Dukedom of Fife (qv) in 1959 with which
			title this peerage then merged and still remains so
			SOUTHWARK
13 Jul 1910	B	1	Richard Knight Causton	25 Sep 1843	23 Feb 1929	85
to			Created Baron Southwark 13 Jul 1910
23 Feb 1929			MP for Colchester 1880-1885 and
			Southwark West 1888-1910. Paymaster General
			1905-1910.  PC 1906
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SOUTHWELL
4 Sep 1717	B[I]	1	Sir Thomas Southwell,2nd baronet	1665	4 Aug 1720	55
			Created Baron Southwell 4 Sep 1717
			PC [I] 1710
4 Aug 1720		2	Thomas Southwell	7 Jan 1698	19 Nov 1766	68
			PC [I] 1726
19 Nov 1766		3	Thomas George Southwell	4 May 1721	29 Aug 1780	59
18 Jul 1776	V[I]	1	Created Viscount Southwell 18 Jul 1776
29 Aug 1780		2	Thomas Arthur Southwell	16 Apr 1742	14 Feb 1796	53
14 Feb 1796		3	Thomas Anthony Southwell	25 Feb 1777	29 Feb 1860	83
			KP 1837
29 Feb 1860		4	Thomas Arthur Joseph Southwell	6 Apr 1836	26 Aug 1878	42
			Lord Lieutenant Leitrim 1872-1878. KP 1871
26 Aug 1878		5	Arthur Robert Pyers Joseph Mary
			Southwell	16 Nov 1872	5 Oct 1944	71
5 Oct 1944		6	Robert Arthur William Joseph Southwell	5 Sep 1898	18 Nov 1960	62
18 Nov 1960		7	Pyers Anthony Joseph Southwell	14 Sep 1930
			SOUTHWOOD
25 Jan 1946	V	1	Julius Salter Elias	5 Jan 1873	10 Apr 1946	73
to			Created Baron Southwood 11 Jun 1937
10 Apr 1946			and Viscount Southwood 25 Jan 1946
			Peerages extinct on his death
			SPELSBURY
5 Jun 1674	B	1	Edward Henry Lee	c 1656	14 Jul 1716
			Created Baron of Spelsbury,Viscount
			Quarendon and Earl of the City of
			Lichfield 5 Jun 1674
			See "Lichfield"
			SPELLAR
12 Aug 2024	B[L]	1	John Francis Spellar, PC	5 Aug 1947
			Created Baron Spellar for life
			12 August 2024
			SPENCER
1 Nov 1765	E	1	John Spencer	19 Dec 1734	31 Oct 1783	48
			Created Baron and Viscount Spencer
			3 Apr 1761, and Viscount Althorp and
			Earl Spencer 1 Nov 1765
			MP for Warwick 1756-1761
31 Oct 1783		2	George John Spencer	1 Sep 1758	10 Nov 1834	76
			MP for Northampton 1780-1782 and Surrey
			1782-1783. Lord Privy Seal 1794. First Lord
			of the Admiralty 1794-1801. Home
			Secretary 1806-1807. PC 1794  KG 1799
10 Nov 1834		3	John Charles Spencer	30 May 1782	1 Oct 1845	63
			MP for Okehampton 1804-1806,
			Northamptonshire 1806-1832 and
			Northamptonshire South 1832-1834.
			Chancellor of the Exchequer 1830-1834.
			PC 1830
1 Oct 1845		4	Frederick Spencer	14 Apr 1798	27 Dec 1857	59
			MP for Worcestershire 1831-1832 and
			Midhurst 1832-1834 and 1837-1841. PC 1846
			KG 1849
27 Dec 1857		5	John Poyntz Spencer	27 Oct 1835	13 Aug 1910	74
			MP for Northamptonshire South 1857.
			Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1868-1874 and
			1882-1885. Lord President of the Council
			1880-1883. First Lord of the Admiralty
			1892. Lord Lieutenant Northamptonshire
			1872-1908.  PC 1859  KG 1865
13 Aug 1910		6	Charles Robert Spencer	30 Oct 1857	16 Sep 1922	64
			Created Viscount Althorp 19 Dec 1905
			MP for Northamptonshire North 1880-1885
			and Northamptonshire Mid 1885-1895 and
			1900-1905. Lord Lieutenant Northampton
			1908-1922.  PC 1892  KG 1913
16 Sep 1922		7	Albert Edward John Spencer	23 May 1892	9 Jun 1975	83
			Lord Lieutenant Northampton 1952-1967
9 Jun 1975		8	Edward John Spencer	24 Jan 1924	29 Mar 1992	68
29 Mar 1992		9	Charles Edward Maurice Spencer	20 May 1964
			SPENCER OF ALRESFORD
17 Sep 2020	B[L]	1	Michael Alan Spencer	20 May 1955
			Created Baron Spencer of Alresford for life
			17 Sep 2020
			SPENCER OF WORMLEIGHTON
21 Jul 1603	B	1	Sir Robert Spencer	1570	25 Oct 1627	57
			Created Baron Spencer of
			Wormleighton 21 Jul 1603
25 Oct 1627		2	William Spencer	4 Jan 1592	19 Dec 1636	44
			MP for Northamptonshire 1620-1625
19 Dec 1636		3	Henry Spencer	23 Nov 1620	20 Sep 1643	22
			He was created Earl of Sunderland (qv) in
			1643 with which title this peerage then
			merged
			***************
12 Mar 1806			George Spencer-Churchill	6 Mar 1766	5 Mar 1840	73
			He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of
			Acceleration as Baron Spencer of Wormleighton
			12 Mar 1806
			He succeeded as Duke of Marlborough (qv) in 1817
			SPENCER-CHURCHILL
17 May 1965	B[L]	1	Dame Clementine Ogilvy Spencer-Churchill	1 Apr 1885	12 Dec 1977	92
to			Created Baroness Spencer-Churchill for life
12 Dec 1977			17 May 1965
			Peerage extinct on her death
			SPENS
20 Aug 1959	B	1	Sir William Patrick Spens	9 Aug 1885	15 Nov 1973	88
			Created Baron Spens 20 Aug 1959
			MP for Ashford 1933-1943 and Kensington
			South 1950-1959. Chief Justice of India
			1943-1947.  PC 1953
15 Nov 1973		2	William George Michael Spens	18 Sep 1914	23 Nov 1984	70
			For further information on this peer,see the
			note at the foot of this page
23 Nov 1984		3	Patrick Michael Rex Spens	22 Jul 1942	5 Jan 2001	58
5 Jan 2001		4	Patrick Nathaniel George Spens	14 Oct 1968
			SPICER
8 Jul 2010	B[L]	1	Sir William Michael Hardy Spicer	22 Jan 1943	29 May 2019	76
to			Created Baron Spicer for life 8 Jul 2010
29 May 2019			MP for Worcestershire South 1974-1997 and
			Worcestershire West 1997-2010.  PC 2013
			Peerage extinct on his death
			SPYNIE
4 Nov 1590	B[S]	1	Sir Alexander Lindsay		Jul 1607
			Created Lord Spynie 4 Nov 1590
Jul 1607		2	Alexander Lindsay		Mar 1646
Mar 1646		3	George Lindsay		Jan 1671
to			On his death the peerage became dormant
Jan 1671
			STAFFORD
6 Feb 1299	B	1	Edmond de Stafford		1308
			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
			Stafford 6 Feb 1299
1308		2	Ralph Stafford	24 Sep 1301	31 Aug 1372	70
3 Mar 1351	E	1	Created Earl of Stafford 3 Mar 1351
			KG 1348
31 Aug 1372		2	Hugh Stafford	c 1342	2 Oct 1386
			KG 1375
2 Oct 1386		3	Thomas Stafford	c 1368	4 Jul 1392
4 Jul 1392		4	William Stafford	21 Sep 1375	6 Apr 1395	19
6 Apr 1395		5	Edmund Stafford	2 Mar 1378	21 Jul 1403	25
			KG 1402
21 Jul 1403		6	Humphrey Stafford,later [1444] 1st Duke of
			Buckingham	15 Aug 1402	10 Jul 1460	57
10 Jul 1460		7	Henry Stafford,2nd Duke of Buckingham	4 Sep 1454	2 Nov 1483	29
to			He was attainted and the peerage forfeited
2 Nov 1483
1485		8	Edward Stafford	3 Feb 1478	17 May 1521	43
to			Restored to the peerage 1485. He was
17 May 1521			attainted and the peerage forfeited
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 Nov 1547	B	1	Henry Stafford	18 Sep 1501	30 Apr 1563	61
			Created Baron Stafford 4 Nov 1547
			Lord Lieutenant Stafford 1559
30 Apr 1563		2	Henry Stafford	by 1527	1 Jan 1566
			MP for Stafford 1555
1 Jan 1566		3	Edward Stafford	17 Jan 1536	19 Oct 1603	67
			MP for Stafford 1558 and 1559
19 Oct 1603		4	Edward Stafford	1572	25 Sep 1625	53
25 Sep 1625		5	Henry Stafford	24 Sep 1621	Oct 1637	16
Oct 1637		6	Roger Stafford	c 1573	c 1640
to			Peerage extinct on his death
c 1640
			-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 Nov 1640	V	1	William Howard	30 Nov 1614	29 Dec 1680	66
to			Created Baron Stafford 12 Sep 1640
3 Jun 1678			and Viscount Stafford 11 Nov 1640
			He was attainted and the peerage forfeited
			See under 4th Earl of 1688 creation
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 Oct 1688	E[L]	1	Mary Stafford	1619	23 Jan 1694	74
to			Created Baroness Stafford for life 12 Sep
23 Jan 1694			1640 and Countess of Stafford for life
			5 Oct 1688
			Peerages extinct on her death
			---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 Oct 1688	E	1	Henry Stafford-Howard	c 1648	27 Apr 1719
		[2]	Created Earl of Stafford 5 Oct 1688
27 Apr 1719		2	William Stafford-Howard	c 1690	Jan 1734
		[3]
Jan 1734		3	William Matthias Stafford-Howard	24 Feb 1718	28 Feb 1751	33
		[4]
28 Feb 1751		4	John Paul Stafford-Howard	26 Jun 1700	1 Apr 1762	61
to		[5]	On his death the Earldom became extinct
1 Apr 1762			whilst the Barony of 1640,subject to the
			attainder,passed to -
[1 Apr 1762]		[6]	[Anastasia Stafford-Howard]	21 Oct 1722	27 Apr 1807	84
[27 Apr 1807]		[7]	[William Jerningham]	7 Mar 1736	14 Aug 1809	73
[14 Aug 1809]			Sir George William Stafford-Jerningham,7th baronet	27 Apr 1771	4 Oct 1851	80
17 Jun 1824		8	Obtained a reversal of the attainder 1824
4 Oct 1851		9	Henry Valentine Stafford-Jerningham	2 Jan 1802	30 Nov 1884	82
			MP for Pontefract 1830-1834
30 Nov 1884		10	Augustus Frederick Fitzherbert
			Stafford-Jerningham	28 Jun 1830	16 Apr 1892	61
16 Apr 1892		11	Fitzherbert Stafford-Jerningham	17 Jul 1833	12 Jun 1913	79
12 Jun 1913		12	Francis Edward Fitzherbert-Stafford	28 Aug 1859	18 Sep 1932	73
18 Sep 1932		13	Edward Stafford Fitzherbert	17 Apr 1864	28 Sep 1941	77
28 Sep 1941		14	Basil Francis Nicholas Fitzherbert	7 Apr 1926	8 Jan 1986	59
8 Jan 1986		15	Francis Melfort William Fitzherbert	13 Mar 1954
			STAFFORD
8 Jan 1371	B	1	Sir Richard Stafford		13 Aug 1380
			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
			Stafford 8 Jan 1371
13 Aug 1380		2	Edmund Stafford		3 Sep 1419
			Lord privy Seal 1391. Bishop of Exeter
			1395-1419. Lord Keeper 1394-1399 and
			1401-1403
3 Sep 1419		3	Thomas Stafford		11 Dec 1425
11 Dec 1425		4	Richard Stafford		after 1425
to			On his death the peerage fell into abeyance
after 1425
			----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21 Sep 1411	B	1	Sir Hugh Stafford		25 Oct 1420
to			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
25 Oct 1420			Stafford 21 Sep 1411
			KG 1418
			Peerage extinct on his death
			STAFFORD
1 Mar 1786	M	1	Granville Leveson-Gower,2nd Earl Gower	4 Aug 1721	26 Oct 1803	82
			Created Marquess of Stafford
			1 Mar 1786
			MP for Bishop's Castle 1744-1747,
			Westminster 1747-1754 and Lichfield 1754.
			Lord Privy Seal 1755-1757 and 1784-1794.
			Lord President of the Council 1767-1779
			and 1783-1784. Lord Lieutenant Stafford
			1755-1799 and Sutherland 1794-1803
			PC 1755  KG 1771
26 Oct 1803		2	George Granville Leveson-Gower	9 Jan 1758	5 Jul 1833	75
			He was created Duke of Sutherland (qv) in
			1833 with which title this peerage then
			merged
			STAFFORD DE SUTHWYKE
25 Jul 1461	B	1	Sir Humphrey Stair		17 Aug 1469
to			Summoned to Parliament as Lord
17 Aug 1469			Stafford de Suthwyke 25 Jul 1461
			He was attainted and the peerage forfeited
			STAIR
21 Apr 1690	V[S]	1	Sir James Dalrymple,1st baronet	May 1619	25 Nov 1695	76
			Created Lord Glenluce and Stranraer
			and Viscount of Stair 21 Apr 1690
25 Nov 1695		2	John Dalrymple	1648	8 Jan 1707	58
8 Apr 1703	E[S]	1	Created Lord Newliston,Glenluce,
			and Stranraer,Viscount Dalrymple and
			Earl of Stair 8 Apr 1703
			Secretary of State for Scotland 1691-1695
			PC 1702
8 Jan 1707		2	John Dalrymple	20 Jul 1673	9 May 1747	73
			KT 1710  PC 1714  Field Marshal 1742
			For further information on this peer's wife, see
			the note at the foot of this page
9 May 1747		3	James Dalrymple		30 Nov 1760
30 Nov 1760		4	William Dalrymple-Crichton	1699	27 Jul 1768	69
			KT 1752
			He had previously succeeded as 5th Earl of
			Dumfries in 1742
27 Jul 1768		5	John Dalrymple		13 Oct 1789
13 Oct 1789		6	John Dalrymple	24 Sep 1749	1 Jun 1821	71
1 Jun 1821		7	John William Henry Dalrymple	16 Nov 1784	20 Mar 1840	55
20 Mar 1840		8	Sir John Hamilton Dalrymple,5th baronet	14 Jun 1771	10 Jan 1853	81
			Created Baron Oxenford 16 Aug 1841
			MP for Midlothian 1832-1835.  KT 1847
10 Jan 1853		9	North Hamilton-Dalrymple	1776	9 Nov 1864	88
9 Nov 1864		10	John Hamilton-Dalrymple	1 Apr 1819	3 Dec 1903	84
			MP for Wigtown 1841-1856. Lord Lieutenant
			Wigtown 1851-1903 and Ayrshire 1870-1897
			KT 1865
3 Dec 1903		11	John Hew North Henry Hamilton Dalrymple	12 Jun 1848	2 Dec 1914	66
2 Dec 1914		12	John James Dalrymple	1 Feb 1879	4 Nov 1961	82
			MP for Wigtownshire 1906-1914. Lord
			Lieutenant Wigtown 1935-1961. KT 1937
4 Nov 1961		13	John Aymer Dalrymple	9 Oct 1906	26 Feb 1996	89
			Lord Lieutenant Wigtown 1961-1983
26 Feb 1996		14	John David James Dalrymple  [Elected hereditary	4 Sep 1961
			peer 2008-]
			STALBRIDGE
22 Mar 1886	B	1	Richard de Aquila Grosvenor	28 Jan 1837	18 May 1912	75
			Created Baron Stalbridge 22 Mar 1886
			MP for Flintshire 1861-1886.  PC 1872
18 May 1912		2	Hugh Grosvenor	5 May 1880	24 Dec 1949	69
to			Peerage extinct on his death
24 Dec 1949			For information on the death of his only son and
			heir,see the note at the foot of this page
			STALLARD
7 Sep 1983	B[L]	1	Albert William Stallard	5 Nov 1921	29 Mar 2008	86
to			Created Baron Stallard for life 7 Sep 1983
29 Mar 2008			MP for St.Pancras North 1970-1983
			Peerage extinct on his death
			STAMFORD
26 Mar 1628	E	1	Henry Grey,2nd Baron Grey of Groby	c 1600	21 Aug 1673
			Created Earl of Stamford 26 Mar 1628
21 Aug 1673		2	Thomas Grey	1654	31 Jan 1720	65
			Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
			1697-1702. President of the Board of Trade
			1699-1702. Lord Lieutenant Devon 1696-
			1702.  PC 1694
31 Jan 1720		3	Harry Grey	10 Jun 1685	16 Nov 1739	54
16 Nov 1739		4	Harry Grey	18 Jun 1715	30 May 1768	52
			MP for Leicestershire 1738-1739
30 May 1768		5	George Harry Grey	1 Oct 1737	23 May 1819	81
			MP for Staffordshire 1761-1768. Lord
			Lieutenant Cheshire 1783-1819
			Created Baron Delamer and Earl of
			Warrington 22 Apr 1796
23 May 1819		6	George Harry Grey	31 Oct 1765	26 Apr 1845	79
			MP for Aldeburgh 1790-1796 and
			St.Germans 1796-1802. Lord Lieutenant
			Cheshire 1819-1845
26 Apr 1845		7	George Harry Grey	7 Jan 1827	2 Jan 1883	55
2 Jan 1883		8	Harry Grey	26 Feb 1812	19 Jun 1890	78
			For further information on the Stamford Peerage
			claim of 1892, see the note at the foot of this page.
19 Jun 1890		9	William Grey	18 Apr 1850	24 May 1910	60
24 May 1910		10	Roger Grey	27 Oct 1896	18 Aug 1976	79
to			Peerage extinct on his death
18 Aug 1976
			STAMFORDHAM
23 Jun 1911	B	1	Sir Arthur John Bigge	18 Jun 1849	31 Mar 1931	81
to			Created Baron Stamfordham
31 Mar 1931			23 Jun 1911
			PC 1910
			Peerage extinct on his death
			Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset
			The following is extracted from "The Emperor of the United States of America and Other
			Magnificent British Eccentrics" by Catherine Caufield (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1981)
			The Duke of Somerset had the good fortune in 1682 to marry Elizabeth Percy, heir to the ancient
			titles and immense wealth of the Earldom of Northumberland. The acquisition of her riches and
			prestige turned Somerset from a merely proud man to an extraordinary model of self-conceit.
			Although he loved pomp and eagerly participated in ceremonial occasions, where he cut a
			handsome figure, Somerset's sensibility was offended by the notion of the lower orders witness-
			ing his magnificent person on these or any other occasions and he took elaborate steps to
			prevent such a distressing occurrence. He built houses at intervals along the main roads
			between London and his estates so that he would not be obliged to suffer the indignity of
			staying at a common inn. Outriders preceded him to clear the road of commoners, whom they
			unceremoniously ordered out of the way. Somerset was just as reluctant to see such people
			as he was to be seen by them. He had to communicate with his servants, of course, but rather
			than speak to them he used sign language. Not surprisingly he became known as 'The Proud
			Duke.'
			Somerset's family was not exempt from the effects of his pride. His youngest daughter,
			Charlotte, used to sit and watch her father as he took his after-dinner nap on a couch. One
			day she wandered away while he slept and he rolled onto the floor. He woke in a fury and
			ordered the whole household to ostracise her. Everyone was too intimidated to mention
			Charlotte's name to the Duke, even to ask when they were allowed to speak to her, so for a
			year she was completely ostracised. Later, she was deprived of £20,000 of her inheritance
			for sitting down in his presence.
			When Somerset's second wife, herself the daughter of the Earl of Nottingham, tapped him
			gently with her fan, he said to her icily, 'Madame, my first Duchess was a Percy and she never
			took such a liberty.'
			Edward Adolphus Seymour, 12th Duke of Somerset, and his sons Lord Edward Adolphus
			Ferdinand Seymour, styled Earl St. Maur (1835-1869) and Lord Edward Percy Seymour
			(1841-1865)
			The 12th Duke made the largest mark in public life of any of the Dukes of Somerset, being a
			member of the Government on two occasions; as Chief Commissioner of Woods between 1849
			and 1852, and First Lord of the Admiralty between 1859 and 1866. Unfortunately, his life was
			blighted by family tragedy.
			He married one of the most beautiful women of his time, Jane Georgiana Sheridan, grand-
			daughter of the playwright, Richard Brinsley Sheridan. To the proud Seymour family, however,
			her beauty did not outweigh the fact that she was 'low-born,' and she was despised by the
			rest of the family. The family described her as a 'low-born greedy beggar woman' but Georgiana,
			whose favourite dishes included guinea pigs and who produced a cookbook filled with guinea pig
			recipes, lived happily with her husband and 5 children and largely ignored the rest of the family.
			The two sons born of this marriage were Edward Adolphus Ferdinand (always known as 'Ferdy')
			and, somewhat confusingly, Edward Percy. After 1863, when his father was created Earl St.
			Maur, Ferdy was known by this latter title. Ferdy was not one to relish study, but rather was
			eager for a life of action which he soon put into practice by incessant travelling during which
			he constantly sought out military activity. He turned up in Persia, where he fought in the
			Anglo-Persian War of 1856-1857; then he volunteered to fight in the relief of Lucknow during
			Indian Mutiny, where his bravery was praised and earned him a mention in despatches. He next,
			under the name of Richard Sarsfield, joined Garibaldi's forces in their fight for Italian freedom.
			While serving in these forces, he became embroiled in a fight with a brother officer, whom Ferdy
			had accused of embezzling the army's funds. After being forbidden to engage in a duel with the
			other officer, Ferdy returned to England. Although he never again took part in any military
			adventure, Ferdy continued to travel widely.
			The younger son, Lord Edward Percy Seymour, was far more studious. At the age of 18, he was
			an attaché in the British Embassy in Vienna, followed by the same post in Madrid the following
			year. In December 1865, he found himself in India, where he died after being mauled by a bear.
			The following article is from 'The Derby Mercury' of 24 January 1866, reprinted from 'The Bombay
			Gazette.'
			'We deeply regret to learn that Lord Edward Seymour, who came to India only a few weeks ago,
			has died at Yellapoor, from an accident that happened to him in a shooting excursion.
			'Lord Edward……..accompanied Sir Bartle Frere [at the time Governor of Bombay] in his tour in
			the Southern Mahratta country. He left his Excellency's camp at Dharwar with Mr. Shaw
			Stewart, collector of Carwar, intending to accompany that gentleman to his residence. They
			reached Yellapoor on the 13th inst., and on the following morning Lord Edward and Mr. Brand, a
			young officer of the Guards, went to a place on the banks of the Kalla Nudda, near Lalgooly, for
			bison and bear shooting. They were accompanied by native shikarees and went in different
			directions. Mr. Brand returned about nine o'clock, having heard one shot fired by his companion;
			and about an hour afterwards a shikaree brought him Lord Edward's belt and hunting knife, on
			the sheath of which he found a written message from him stating that he had been wounded by
			a bear, and wished a surgeon to be sent to him. A messenger was immediately sent to Carwar
			for Dr. Davies; and Mr. Shaw Stewart, Mr. Brand, and Mr. Walker, a civil engineer, hurried to
			the place where Lord Edward was lying. They learned from him that he had fired at a bear and
			wounded it, and in following it up came upon it at a distance of about 15 yards. After he had
			discharged both barrels of his gun the animal rushed upon him, and seizing him by the left knee
			both of them rolled down a steep hill, Lord Edward dealing the animal repeated blows with his
			hunting knife. His shikarees soon came to his assistance, and the bear left him. His left leg was
			found to have been severely hurt, and there was a bad cut across his forehead; but he was
			nevertheless very composed and collected, and was able to give directions to those about him.
			He was carried to the top of the hill (about 200 feet high) and placed in a temporary shed; and
			another messenger sent off to Dharwar for Dr. Langley. He was taken next morning to Yellapoor,
			but the doctors did not arrive until late the following day. He had been attended, however, by a
			native hospital assistant, and the medical gentlemen on their arrival found that every possible
			care has been bestowed on him. The patient appeared at first to be gradually improving, but on
			the 18th an unfavourable change was noticed, and it was found necessary to amputate the left
			leg above the knee. The operation was successfully performed, and a subsequent examination of
			the limb showed that the doctors had not been wrong in their decision. The symptoms for the
			time were of a favourable character, and the heroic fortitude with which the patient bore his
			sufferings seemed of itself to inspire hope; but a change for the worse became perceptible, and
			after sinking gradually for some time Lord Edward died shortly after two o'clock in the morning
			of the 20th [December 1865].'
			After the death of his younger brother, Ferdy lived for a period in Tangiers, before returning to
			England in 1868, weakened by various diseases contracted during his travels in the Far East.
			In September 1869, Ferdy was suffering from a dangerous chest infection and his mother, the
			Duchess, called in a well known specialist, Dr. Charles Williams. After examining the patient, Dr.
			Williams obtained permission from Ferdy's parents to perform an emergency tracheotomy, but
			it was unsuccessful and Ferdy died. In her grief, the Duchess accused Dr. Williams of criminal
			rashness, calling him a 'hypocritical murderer' who had performed the operation to 'satisfy his
			own selfish vanity.' In February 1870, Dr. Williams took legal action against the Duke and
			Duchess in order to save his reputation. The Duke and Duchess apologized unreservedly and
			were ordered to pay a token five guineas damages. For his part, Dr. Williams was happy to
			accept the apology, and no further action was taken.
			The deaths of his two sons left the Duke a broken man, who now had no male heirs to succeed
			him. As a result, he amended his will to ensure that, apart from the title, very little of his
			property would be left to the rest of his family. Some property was left to his three daughters,
			but the family home and its contents were left in trust for two children named Harold St. Maur
			and Ruth St. Maur, whose existence was unknown to the rest of the family.
			In 1866, Ferdy had met and "married" an illiterate maid named Rosa (or Rosina) Swann. She bore
			him two children - Ruth and Harold. After Ferdy's death, she and the children were provided for
			by the Duke and Duchess, who kept their existence in the dark. After the death of the Duke in
			1885, the two children were still minors, and, under the terms of the Duke's will, under the
			guardianship of Lord Henry Thynne, husband of the Duke's daughter, Ulrica. Lord Henry appears
			to have ignored his trustee responsibilities, since he began to sell off the children's heritage.
			After Harold came of age, he spent many years attempting to prove that his parents had been
			legally married and that, as a result, he was the rightful Duke of Somerset. The story goes that
			one day a witness to the marriage turned up, but was immediately hustled away by Lord Henry
			Thynne. This mystery witness opened a shop soon after, paid for by an unknown but
			guessable benefactor. In the meantime, Harold lived comfortably at the Seymour family home
			while the then Duke lived very frugally at a far smaller house. At the general election in
			December 1910, Harold was elected for Exeter, but he was unseated on petition some four
			months later. He died in Kenya in 1927.
			As for Ruth, she married in 1887 William George Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck - two of her
			sons later succeeded as Dukes of Portland.
			The Somerset Peerage claim of 1923-1925
			On the death of the 15th Duke of Somerset in 1923, his only near relations were his three
			nieces, whose names were Helen, Lettys and Lucy, but who were usually known as "Hell
			let loose." Sir Edward Hamilton Seymour, who was the senior male heir of the body of the
			original grantee, the 1st Duke of Somerset, was a distant relation, a third cousin once removed,
			who was descended from the 8th Duke, who had died in 1757. However, his right to succeed as
			the 16th Duke was challenged by the Marquess of Hertford, another member of the Seymour
			family. The question of who was the rightful heir was, as a result, referred to the House of Lords
			Committee of Privileges for its determination, which was finally delivered in March 1925.
			Sir Edward Seymour was the great-grandson of Francis Compton Seymour, who was in turn the
			grandson of the 8th Duke. In 1787, Francis Compton Seymour had married the daughter of a
			London publican. Her name was Leonora Perkins, the widow of a seaman named John Hudson. A
			son, Francis Edward Seymour, was born on 21 September 1788, and Sir Edward Seymour was his
			only surviving grandson. However, it was the Marquess of Hertford's case that the son, Francis
			Edward Seymour, was illegitimate on the grounds that, when Francis Compton Seymour had
			married the supposed widow Leonora, the marriage was bigamous since John Hudson was still
			alive. In addition, a man named Henry Seymour, descended from Leonora's third son by Francis
			Compton Seymour also claimed the title, as did Harold St. Maur, son of the Earl St. Maur [see
			the note above which discusses his history.] These latter two claimants had no documentary
			proofs to offer and their claims soon fell by the wayside.
			The John Hudson who was supposed to have married Leonora Perkins, had, according to the
			records, died in Calcutta in 1786. However, the Marquess of Hertford pointed out that local
			municipal records showed that a John Hudson had died in Middlesex Hospital in 1791; surely,
			said Hertford, this John Hudson was Leonora's husband, and the John Hudson who had died in
			Calcutta was a different person entirely. Unfortunately for Hertford's case, it was demonstrated
			that the John Hudson who had died in Middlesex Hospital in 1791 was aged 44, whereas
			Leonora's husband would have been 53 had he been the dead man. In March 1925, the
			Committee therefore found that Hudson had indeed died in Calcutta, that the marriage of Francis
			Compton Seymour and Leonora Perkins was not therefore bigamous and that, as a result, Sir
			Edward Hamilton Seymour was the rightful heir and therefore the 16th Duke of Somerset.
			The following article is taken from 'The Times' of 26 March 1925:-
			'The decision of the Committee of Privileges of the House of Lords that Brigadier-General Sir
			Edward Hamilton Seymour has made good his claim to succeed to the Dukedom of Somerset,
			vacated by the death in October 1923, of his distant cousin, Sir Algernon St. Maur, the 15th
			Duke of the 1547 creation, puts an end to one of the most fascinating and romantic peerage
			cases that have ever come before it.
			'The late Duke died without issue, and before Sir Edward Seymour could make good the claim
			to succeed his third cousin once removed doubts had to be set at rest concerning the validity
			of the marriage of his great grandfather, Colonel Francis Seymour. The story of this marriage and
			of the difficulties it has caused might have been borrowed from the pages of a sensational novel
			which had been thrown aside by the impatient reader on the ground that that sort of thing did
			not happen in real life. After hearing the arguments of learned counsel, referring to musty rate-
			books and land-tax returns, inspecting a ship's log, the faded archives of the long-dead East
			India Company, and examining parish registers, the Committee of Privileges has decided that it
			did happen.
			'It is, therefore, true that Mr. Perkins, a Woolwich publican, permitted his daughter, Leonora,
			to marry John Hudson in 1768. Two years later Perkins died, and Hudson, who seems to have
			been in partnership with his father-in-law, took over the licence and held it until 1775. Affairs
			do not seem to have prospered with him, for in 1785 he shipped before the mast on board the
			Manship, belonging to the Honourable the East India Company, and sailed for Calcutta. Here he
			died on 27th September, 1786, and was buried on shore. News of his death reached England,
			and his widow proved his will, and on September 3rd, 1787, married Colonel Francis Seymour,
			son of the Dean of Wells and grandson of the 8th Duke of Somerset. Thus, 19 years after her
			first marriage the widow of the publican turned merchant-seaman married into a family which
			had twice married potential claimants to the Throne, and had a reputation for pride even among
			the aristocrats of the day, some of whom were so haughty that they could not bring themselves
			to speak to their own servants, but conveyed their pleasure by signs [i.e. the 6th Duke - see
			above]. Still, in the case of Colonel Francis Seymour, there was another hereditary influence at
			work, and he may have been predisposed to contract an impulsive and unusual marriage as his
			own father, the Dean of Wells, had been married almost clandestinely by the Rev. Alexander
			Keith, the notorious proprietor of one of those irregular "wedding-shops" which were suppressed,
			together with the "Fleet Marriages" by Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act of 1754. [The Fleet Prison
			was claimed to be outside the jurisdiction of the Church, with the result that large numbers of
			clandestine marriages were conducted there.]
			'But it appears that Fate, having thus disposed satisfactorily of John Hudson and Leonora, his
			widow, had provided for the simultaneous existence of another John Hudson, who figures on
			rate books in the same locality, and very inconveniently did not die until 1791 - that is to say,
			after the first Leonora had presented her new lord with a son. Her third son, Henry, was born in
			1795, and about 1840 a tradition grew up among that third son's descendants that there were
			not two John Hudsons, but only one, and that he had only pretended to die in Calcutta in order
			to conceal desertion from the Manship, and that he had returned to find his home broken up
			and his wife bigamously married to the colonel. The tradition, in the interests of Henry's
			legitimacy, generously made out that the colonel, dismayed at John Hudson's return, had
			secretly remarried Leonora after his second demise in 1791; but, although search has been made
			during 40 years for evidence of that second marriage, which would have been evidence that the
			first (in 1787) was not genuine, and that the eldest son had not been born in wedlock, it could
			not be found, and Mr. H.S. Seymour, the descendant of the colonel's third son, withdrew the
			claim to the Dukedom, which he had preferred. This left the field open for the contest between
			Sir Edward Seymour, descended from the colonel's eldest son, and the Marquess of Hertford,
			who is descended from the uncle of the 8th Duke, and claimed that if the marriage of Colonel
			Seymour and Leonora Hudson was invalid, the legitimate male issue of the eighth Duke was
			extinct, and that he was the real heir, It was, however, shown that the inconvenient John
			Hudson who died in 1791 was ten years younger than his important namesake, and this may
			have helped the Committee of Privileges to decline to ignore the evidence of the East India
			Company's records and the Calcutta registers, which were united in consigning the deceased
			mariner to his grave in 1786.'
			The Somerville peerage
			The 18th Baron Somerville was killed in a hunting accident on 17 November 1868. According to
			'The Irish Times' of 19 November 1868 "Lord Somerville was killed in the hunting field in Rutland-
			shire......His horse was ridden at a very stiff and high quick fence. The animal stumbled and fell
			upon its rider, crushing his head and face. His lordship breathed for a few minutes only."
			After his death the following obituary appeared in the 'Illustrated London News' of 28 November
			1868:-
			'The Right Hon. Hugh Somerville, eighteenth Baron Somerville, in the Peerage of Scotland, who
			was killed on the 17th instant, whilst hunting with Mr. Tailby's hounds near Withcote Hall, about
			two miles north of Uppingham, Rutlandshire, was the elder and only surviving son of Kenelm,
			seventeenth Baron Somerville, by his wife Francis Louisa, only daughter of John Hayman, Esq. He
			was born October 11th, 1839; and was educated at Eton, and Christ Church, Oxford. He was
			appointed, in 1861, Lieutenant of the Warwickshire Yeomanry Cavalry. He succeeded his father
			as eighteenth Baron Somerville, October 19th, 1864. He was never married. He is succeeded by
			his first cousin, Aubrey John, now nineteenth Baron Somerville, who was born February 1st, 1838,
			and is the eldest surviving son of the late Hon. And Rev. William Somerville, Rector of Barford,
			Warwickshire.
			'This family, of Norman descent, obtained the Barony of Somerville, as far back as 1430. Gilbert,
			the eighth Lord Somerville, entertained King James VI [of Scotland] most sumptuously at his
			Castle of Cowthaly, which the monarch jocularly called "Cow-daily," from seeing a cow and ten
			sheep killed every day. His lordship, by this course of boundless hospitality and extravagance,
			ran entirely through his estates; and he died so poor that the title was not resumed until 1723,
			when it was confirmed, by Act of Parliament, to James, the thirteenth lord, [see below for
			further information] who eventually became wealthy through obtaining the reversion of the
			estates of [William] Somerville [1675-1742], the celebrated poet, author of "The Chase;" and it
			is a strange and sad coincidence that the recent possessor of the poet's estate should have
			perished in the chase so miserably. The thirteenth Lord's grandson, John, fifteenth Lord,
			introduced the breed of merigo [sic - merino] sheep from Lisbon into England. He was uncle of
			the nobleman just deceased, and of his successor, the present Peer.'
			The petition mentioned above was presented to the House of Lords on 25 May 1723 and was
			referred to the Committee for Privileges. On 27 May 1723, the Committee reported "That
			Directions may be given, for declaring and establishing the Petitioner's Right and Title to the
			Honour and Dignity of Lord Somerville; That the Committee have considered the said Petition to
			them referred; and have perused an authentic Extract out of the Rolls of Parliament, signed by
			the proper Officer, according to the law of Scotland, and an Affidavit that the same was truly
			extracted; whereby it appears, that the Lord Somerville is enrolled as present in Parliament the
			15th of February, 1524; and is from that Time to the 13th of July, 1587 found in the Parliament
			Rolls.
			"That the Lord Somerville, who then sat in Parliament, was called Hugh Lord Somerville, and had
			Two Sons, Gilbert and Hugh; That Gilbert was also designed Lord Somerville in several authentic
			Writings  produced to the Committee.
			"That the issue of the said Gilbert has failed; and that James the petitioner, in a connect
			Progress, has been served Heir to the said Gilbert the last Lord Somerville, and ought to be
			placed, in the List or Roll of Peers, in the Place in which his Ancestor first abovementioned sat;
			with a Saving, nevertheless, as well to the Petitioner, as to all other Peers of Scotland, their
			Rights and Places; upon further and better authority shewed for the same." [Journal of the
			House of Lords 27 May 1723].
			The 19th Lord Somerville was, at the time of succeeding to the peerage, a 'squatter' in Australia,
			where he was involved in the establishment of the sugar cane industry in northern New South
			Wales. On hearing of his accession, he returned to England, where he died from bronchitis and
			inflammation of the lungs in August 1870. On his death, the peerage is generally considered to
			have become dormant, largely because, given the antiquity of the peerage, it is not known
			whether the peerage descended to heirs male or heirs general.
			An interesting reference to this peerage appeared in the Broken Hill 'Barrier Miner' on 5 September
			1904:-
			Mention was......made recently of a curious incident which befell a distinguished Colonial
			Governor while he was officiating in Fiji. A  man in a tattered white suit, a typical "Beachcomber"
			of the South Seas, called upon him and after a private interview of some duration, the Governor
			was persuaded to put a sailing boat at his battered visitor's disposal to take him to an island
			which he had named.
			'The man said he was by right of descent 20th Baron Somerville, but he had settled down with
			a dusky bride in a Polynesian paradise and had no desire to take the status that belonged to him.
			The Governor was sceptical, if soft-hearted. The episode passed into the realm of the half
			forgotten.
			'But it is apparently to be revived. News came by the last Australian mail that "Hugh Somerville,
			eldest son of Hugh,, rightful 20th Lord Somerville, had arrived in Cooktown, Queensland from
			somewhere in the neighbourhood of the Solomon Islands, and was seeking means to enable him
			to return to England and claim the title.
			He is described as a young man of 22, tall and handsome, and with a complexion bronzed to
			the tint of copper, obviously of partly native descent, but well manner and pleasant spoken, and
			fairly well educated. No details of his claim are given.
			'The Somervilles are a very ancient family. Thomas de Somerville was a justiciary of Scotland in
			the early days of the 15th century and was made a peer in 1430. He married the daughter of
			Sir Alexander Stewart of Darnley with whom he got the Barony of Cambusnethan.
			'Of later Somervilles, the 14th Baron served with the 17th Dragoons in Portugal, the 15th was
			President of the Board of Agriculture and a Lord of the Bedchamber. The 17th was the famous
			Admiral, Kenelm Somerville. With the death of the 19th baron in 1870 the title was presumed to
			have become extinct, but it has always been doubtful whether some of the descendants of
			Admiral Kenelm were not still alive.'
			In any event, no further action appears to have been taken by any party, including the person
			discussed in the newspaper report above, to further their claims to this peerage.
			Charles FitzRoy (5 Sep 1762-18 Oct 1831), 2nd son of the 1st Baron Southampton
			and HRH Princess Amelia, youngest daughter of King George III
			The following story of the relationship between Charles FitzRoy and Princess Amelia appeared in
			the Australian monthly magazine "Parade" in its issue for May 1957:-
			'After their summer holiday in 1801, George III and his family quit the Royal Lodge at Weymouth
			to return to Windsor Castle. They left behind the King's youngest and favourite daughter, 18-
			years-old Amelia. Amelia was in poor health and further rest, sea air and riding exercise were
			advised by her doctors. She was left in the care of two trusted serving women and the King's
			personal equerry, dashing, 38-years-old General Charles FitzRoy. Thus thrown together, the
			Princess and the equerry fell in love - and touched off another of the scandals that stud the
			chequered history of British royalty.
			'Till she died, Princess Amelia and Charles FitzRoy remained devoted lovers. She was said to
			steal out nightly for trysts. Sometimes she was lowered from her window in a clothes basket.
			Rumours say Amelia married FitzRoy secretly and had a child. The official version is that she
			wished to marry but was thwarted by the rigid clauses of the Royal Marriage Act.
			'Born on August 7, 1783, Amelia was the 15th and last child of King George III and Queen
			Charlotte. Pretty, lovable, she was the special champion of her father. She grew into a bright,
			graceful girl full of high spirits and fun and at eight was a prodigy at the piano. At 15, she
			"adopted" half a dozen orphan girls and paid for their upkeep from her own money. She added to
			their numbers all through life, till at last they landed her in a tangle of debts. She was only 18,
			tall, slender with flowing blonde hair, when she paled under what was later found to be the
			first onset of tuberculosis. The King left her at Weymouth. It was thought the Dorset sea air
			would do her good. Ill, lonely, she was thrown into close contact with a handsome man of the
			world, 20 years her senior.
			The Honourable Charles FitzRoy himself bore royal blood. He was the second son of Lord
			Southampton and the nephew of the Duke of Grafton. His family traced their origin to the liaison
			between King Charles II and the beautiful, money-hungry Barbara Villiers, Countess of
			Castlemaine. FitzRoy was a brilliant soldier and diplomat. He had been taken up by George III
			after succeeding in a number of delicate missions on the Continent. The King made FitzRoy his
			equerry "to be close to the Royal person at all times." He was favoured even before George's
			own sons. Palace gossip called him "Prince Charles."
			'Because of the 20 years difference in their ages, plus the faith in FitzRoy's sense of duty, the
			King had no hesitation in entrusting his best­loved daughter, Amelia, to him. His confidence was
			misplaced. Love intervened. When Amelia returned to Windsor, an ardent attachment existed
			between them. Out riding with the Royal family, they lagged behind to hold hands in the leafy
			Windsor glades. In church, FitzRoy had to sit so the love-sick princess could feast her eyes on
			his profile. Amelia was forever slipping into the grounds of the castle with notes for him. She
			confided to a friend her pleasure in a palace fireworks display - for the opportunity it gave of
			snuggling into FitzRoy's arms in the shadows.
			The general, most historians believe, was reluctant to share to the full her all-consuming ardour.
			Some claim he should have eloped with her or quit his position for military duties abroad. Amelia,
			however, constantly played on his affection. Daily she poured out her love for him in letters.
			These are now preserved in the Royal archives at Windsor. Each is a poignant mirror into the
			soul of a woman eating out her heart. "My own dear love," she wrote hopefully, " I am sure you
			love me as well as ever." Repeatedly she begged for a "a kind look or word," or a lock of his
			"dear hair." "I really must marry you," she sought reassurance, "though of course we are
			inwardly united and that is much more than the ceremony."
			'By now her two faithful serving women - the Misses Gomme and Goldsworthy - were suspicious.
			They reported to Queen Charlotte the after-dark trysts between Amelia and FitzRoy, even
			describing how the Princess was lowered from her room in an oversize clothes basket. The Queen
			was surprisingly unmoved. Her main worry then was the sanity of the King, who was suffering
			from frequent mental attacks. She forbade any mention of either the affair or any possible
			marriage to him.
			'The Queen was perfectly safe. There could be no open marriage. Enacted in 1772, the Royal
			Marriage Act prohibited any member of the Royal Family marrying without the consent of the
			King. If over 25, however, the consent could be dispensed with - if the Privy Council were
			informed and the ceremony delayed for 12 months. Amelia was then only 20. She was already
			thinking of secret marriage. She had plenty of encouragement from her brothers. Her elder
			brother, the dissolute Prince of Wales, later King George IV, had secretly married Mrs.
			Fitzherbert without the King's consent. The Duke of Sussex secretly married Lady Augusta
			Murray only to have the union declared illegal though there were two children. The Duke of Kent
			lived for years in happy domestic bliss with his mistress, French-Canadian Julie de St. Laurent,
			only to throw her aside to marry the Princess of Leiningen, by whom he sired Queen Victoria.
			For good measure in the story of unofficial royal love, the Duke of York got sacked from his job
			of Commander-in-Chief of the Army for letting his mistress, the sprightly Mary Anne Clarke, sell
			army commissions.
			'Young Princess Amelia consulted Kent, York and Sussex. They were sympathetic. The Prince
			of Wales gave his word she would have permission to marry as soon as he became King, which
			no one expected would be so long as it was.
			'Because of her sickness, the girl was impatient. According to many contemporaries, she then
			plunged into a secret marriage with FitzRoy. After 1803, she often signed herself "A.F.R." for
			Amelia FitzRoy. FitzRoy himself neither confirmed or denied the rumours. The wife he married
			after Amelia's death often stated he was married to the Princess. The Princess of Wales declared
			in 1810 that "everyone believed it." Also cited as proof was the dismissal by Queen Charlotte of
			a favoured lady-in-waiting, Lady Georgiana Bulkeley, reputedly for helping to arrange a secret
			marriage between Amelia and FitzRoy. To her brother Frederick, Duke of York, Amelia confided
			that she "considered herself married." One of her letters to FitzRoy stated: "We are married.
			Every thought and every sorrow we must impart to each other."
			It was openly rumoured round the Royal household that the couple were not only married - but
			the parents of children. Amelia's periodic bouts of sickness aided the talk. A child, Theresa,
			adopted by her friend, Mrs. George Villiers (related to FitzRoy), was reputed to be her daughter.
			Even her last and fatal illness was believed in many quarters to be the result of childbirth. The
			FitzRoy family still preserve a story that Amelia died after giving birth to twins. At this time, too,
			the voice of slander rose. In some quarters she was accused of having an affair with Edward
			Phelps, a roistering crony of her brother, the Prince of Wales. She was supposed to have had a
			a child by him. Descendants of the child still have jewellery, trinkets and china that belonged to
			Princess Amelia.
			'For all her unhappiness over the affair with FitzRoy and the disease which prostrated her for
			increasing periods, Princess Amelia continued her work for charity. She poured out so much for
			her brood of adopted orphans that she was perpetually in debt to her brothers and sisters. She
			also borrowed £5000 from FitzRoy which remained unpaid at her death.
			'At 25, the "long notorious amour with FitzRoy" (as one diarist called it) was still Amelia's main
			reason for living. Tuberculosis was by now wasting her body, but her love for the handsome
			equerry burned as brightly as ever. Vainly her sisters pleaded caution as rumours ran round the
			palace that FitzRoy was seen entering or leaving her room at night.
			'At that time, her father's mind showed some improvement. Though she was then old enough to
			apply to the Privy Council for permission to regularise any affection she had for FitzRoy, Amelia
			refused to do so for fear the shock would send her father back to irredeemable insanity.
			Hopefully, she prepared the necessary documents to present to the Privy Council. They were
			never used and were among her papers at her death. "General FitzRoy possesses all my affection
			and nothing can ever alter that," the Princess wrote. "For years I have considered myself his
			lawful wife - suffering all the trials of that, without ever enjoying the rights."
			'Her own complaint worsened. By 1808 she was practically an invalid. To add to her unhappiness,
			she decided that her mother, Queen Charlotte, was not eager for her to recover. Amelia accused
			her mother of conniving with doctors so she would die and thus could not worry the King with her
			love affair. Her sufferings increased when the tuberculosis was complicated by an attack of "St.
			Anthony's fire" (erysipelas). Doctors warned there was no hope of recovery. Princess Amelia
			refused to accept the verdict. She wanted to live more than ever now. She hired a new and
			revolutionary doctor named Pope at a fee of £1000 to treat her. Pope gave new hope by
			diagnosing not tuberculosis but a liver complaint. Clutching at a straw, the Princess placed
			herself entirely in his hands - even leaving her beloved FitzRoy for sea-bathing at the resort of
			Worthing. Dr. Pope's treatment consisted of warm baths, copious drinking of wine and "elm-
			bark tea" and large doses of calomel [mercurous chloride, used as a purgative]. Nothing could
			have been worse for tuberculosis. Her condition rapidly worsened.
			'After some months Amelia returned more wasted than ever to her ordinary physicians at Windsor.
			Her father built a special lodge for her in the castle grounds. There she was tended by her sister
			Mary as she slowly wasted away. She sent messages to FitzRoy, but in her final sickness, which
			he claimed "affected him too much," he visited her only once. Amelia lay like a frail china doll and
			used her last strength to draw up her will. In it she left everything she possessed to "dear
			Charles FitzRoy."
			'Though she left all to Charles Fitzroy, Amelia thought also of her father. Wishing to give him a
			final keepsake, she had a special mourning ring made. It comprised a lock of her hair, under
			crystal, set round with diamonds. When he visited her, she took his hand and pressed the ring on
			his finger. The old King broke into uncontrollable tears. The gift churned up such poignant grief
			that he lapsed into final and complete madness.
			'Thus poor Amelia caused the calamity she feared. To avoid it, she had barred herself from life
			with the man she loved. On November 11, 1810, Princess Amelia coughed away her life in the
			lodge at Windsor, attended only by her sister. Her last words were: "Tell Charles I die blessing
			him." She had penned him a final note. "No two ever loved or were so tried as we," it said. "You
			have given me every moment of comfort and happiness I have ever enjoyed." According to her
			sister Mary, she died of a broken heart. FitzRoy, a shadowy unreal figure through the whole
			affair, referred to her after death as "the adored Amelia."
			'The Princess' estate, after payment of debts, comprised only a few thousand pounds in
			jewellery. To avoid scandal, the Prince of Wales confiscated Amelia's will. He sent word to
			FitzRoy that he would personally reimburse him in cash for the value of the jewellery. He gave
			the jewels instead to his sister Mary, who had devotedly nursed Amelia. The Prince then
			conveniently forgot all about the payment to FitzRoy. Later he pointedly turned his back on the
			general whenever they met.'
			Charles James FitzRoy, 6th Baron Southampton
			Lord Southampton married his first wife, Pamela Henniker, in May 1951. They were married for
			nearly 46 years until his wife died in February 1997. In October 1997, Lord Southampton married
			his second wife Alma Pasqual Perez, his Filipina cleaner. This marriage was the subject of an
			article written by Ann Treneman which appeared in "The Independent" on 5 December 1997:-
			'He is from the aristocracy. She is from the Philippines. He is 69, she is 36. He is pretty useless
			round the house, she is pretty useful (she used to do for him). They are recently married, and
			having a baby.
			'Lord Southampton sees his marriage to his 36-year-old Filipina cleaner as a fairy tale come true.
			"We fell in love," says the 69-year-old peer. "It is a bit of a fairy tale, and I think most people
			like fairy tales. Barbara Cartland's agent has been in touch to see if we could help her with a
			book."
			'Well, whatever Dame Barbara may think, this is not a fairy tale. For starters, penniless Cinderella
			did not marry the old guy sitting on the throne. She married the handsome young prince on the
			dashing white horse. Then they cantered off into the sunset - too young and too much in love
			to realise that the whole thing was destined to give them saddle sores and a whacking great
			chance of divorce.
			'No, the story of the peer and his cleaner - which was broken by News of the World with the
			memorable headline "Bed, nob and broomsticks!" - is something else entirely and in many ways
			it is a thoroughly modern match. But first, a recap of the story and its characters so far.
			'Lord Charles James FitzRoy [sic], 6th Baron Southampton, is descended from Charles II. The
			family owes its fortunes to the king's celebrated mistress, Barbara Villiers, so there is a certain
			tradition to keep up. The present peer's father ran off with a chorus girl when he was 17, and
			Lord Southampton himself ran off with his first wife, Pamela, when he was 22 and she was only
			16. There, however, the wild times end. They were married for 46 years, and had two children,
			now aged 45 and 41, and seven grandchildren. The first Lady Southampton died in February,
			from ovarian cancer.
			'Alma Pasqual grew up a world away from all this, as the daughter of a shopkeeper in the village
			of Tarlac, near Manila. In an arrangement that owes much to the mail-order bride business, she
			came to Devon to marry an electrician, Bryan Slater, after an 18-month correspondence. The
			marriage was not a success and, amid financial and other troubles, Alma decided to look for
			work as a cleaner. Thus, in 1992, she came to be hired at £5 an hour by Lady Southampton to
			clean Stone Cross, a five-bedroom country house, worth £500,000. At Alma's home, things got
			worse - "I was treated like a skivvy" - and she started divorce proceedings.
			'And so the stage was set. Lord Southampton is described as being "impractical around the
			home." One suspects that this means completely useless, and as a widower he began to rely
			more and more on Alma. Then, one day, he decided that he needed a new fridge. "He is not very
			good at shopping," says Alma. "That was the first time we went out together."
			'The peer told Hello! that he decided to pop the question over a meal in a Chinese restaurant in
			Taunton. His cleaner was surprised. "Out of the blue he told me that he was in love with me. It
			never occurred to me what was happening inside of him. I think I said 'bloody hell.' I just never
			expected it. I told James I would have to think about it." In June, she accepted his proposal.
			They married last month, and now the new Lady Southampton is pregnant.
			'Some people claim to be shocked, though whether this is because of the recentness of his
			first wife's death, the age gap, the fact that the new Lady Southampton was a cleaner, or that
			she is from the Philippines, is unclear. But all these factors contribute to the reason why we
			should not be shocked.
			'Romance and bereavement are no strangers, especially for men. There are many more widows
			(2.9 million) than widowers (684,000) in Britain. While this is partly explained by the fact that
			women live longer, men are also far more likely to remarry, and quickly, too. "Men are healthier
			if they have a partner," says Averil Leimon, a psychologist. "Bereaved men are at considerable
			risk - it's not unusual for them to die [soon] too. For men it can be a life-saver to find another
			woman." Often, the dying wife will instruct a husband to find a new wife. Both Lord Southampton
			and his new wife have said they believe Pamela would have approved of their match.
			'Nor should we be surprised by the fact she is a Filipina. The "brides of the Orient" are much in
			demand these days. Bill Howard, of the World Association of Introduction Agencies, says that
			there has been a 15% increase in the number of European and North American men marrying
			oriental women, and that the former gas chief Brian Clegg is only the highest-profile man to
			admit to having done such a thing. The 75-year-old former chairman of Northern Gas paid £3,000
			in air fares and dating agency fees to go to Bangkok, where he met a 23-year-old Thai waitress
			named Joom. They wed after a three-day courtship conducted in a shared hotel room. "I'm sure
			we will be happy," says Mr. Clegg. "And when I have gone, Joom will be set up for the rest of
			her life."
			'In many ways, it could be said that Mr. Clegg has gone out of his way - Bangkok is not an
			Awayday, after all - to find the ultimate non-trophy wife. But others would see it differently. The
			men who seek out Oriental brides are usually divorced, and are looking for women with traditional
			values. The women - and 60% come from the Philippines - are looking to escape the worst kind
			of poverty. "Almost all Filipina girls marry for economic reasons," says Mr Hunter [Howard?],
			"though perhaps the men don't think of it that way."
			'Not so much true love as true practicalities, then. But it seems to work for many. Charles
			Black, of Siam Introductions - the firm used by Mr Clegg - conducts a two-year check-up for
			its clients and reports an 85% success rate. "That's a lot better than most English marriages,"
			he says.
			'Alma Pasqual was one of those whose penpal husband turned out to be Mr Wrong. Unlike many
			such brides, she took her future into her own hands and decided that she would rather get
			divorced and return to the Philippines than live in such a way.
			'Then came that unexpected question in the Chinese restaurant, and she is now in a rather
			wonderful and rare position. She is a Filipina in Britain who is marrying a wealthy older man
			without the help of an agency. She has always wanted a family, and now she is to have children
			who will be aristocrats (if her baby is a boy the plan is to name him Charles, after the future
			king). Her husband is thrilled by what he calls his new life. "I am hoping Alma will do the late-
			night nappy duties," he says. "I don't think I am up to it at my age."
			'She used to be paid £5 an hour to clean, and now she is rich in her own right. "Neither of us
			can believe it's happening," she says. "I used to clean this beautiful house - and now it is my
			home." But, it must be said, she is still cleaning. "We can't really afford staff now, so I'll still do
			all the housework myself." Spoken like a truly traditional wife. And that's no fairy tale - that's
			just the way of the world.'
			The baby referred to in the above report was born on 8 June 1998 and, being a boy, was
			christened Charles as promised.
			David Wynford Carnegie, youngest son of the 9th Earl of Southesk
			Carnegie was an early explorer of the interior of Western Australia, whose name and work are
			now, unfortunately, largely forgotten.
			He was born in Scotland on 23 March 1871, the youngest son of the 9th Earl of Southesk. He
			was educated at the Charterhouse School and the Royal Indian Engineering College at Windsor.
			After his education was completed, he travelled to Ceylon and for a time worked on a tea
			plantation, but finding the work not to his liking, he moved on to Australia in 1892, where he
			became a prospector on the goldfields at Coolgardie, near Kalgoorlie, in Western Australia.
			In 1894, he led the first of his exploration expeditions to the north of Coolgardie, covering
			about 850 miles during 90 days, through country which had been hitherto unexplored. At the
			end of 1894, he set out again, but he contracted a fever and was forced to return. While he
			convalesced in Perth, he compiled a series of maps of all the country which he had covered.
			The following year he returned to Britain for a short visit, but in 1896 he returned to Australia
			with plans for an expedition which would be far more ambitious than his previous ventures. His
			plan was to discover whether there were any gold-bearing areas to be found between the
			goldfields in the south around Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie, and the Kimberley goldfields in the
			north. At the same time, he wished to discover the nature of the unexplored country which
			lay between the routes of previous expeditions made by Peter Egerton Warburton in 1873 and
			John Forrest (later Baron Forrest) in 1874. As an aside to this expedition, he also sought to
			examine the possibility of opening a direct stock-route between the two goldfields.
			Carnegie financed his expedition from his gold-mining activities. Starting at Hall's Creek in the
			Kimberleys, he headed south, reaching Coolgardie eight months later after travelling 3000
			miles. Although he found several possible gold-bearing areas, he was unable to find much in
			the way of permanent water, which ruled out the idea of a stock-route.
			In 1897, Carnegie departed from Australia permanently and returned to Britain, where he was
			awarded the Gill Memorial Medal by the Royal Geographical Society in recognition of his feats
			of exploration. In 1898, he published his book "Spinifex and Sand,' which describes his
			adventures.
			In 1899, Carnegie joined the Civil Service and was sent to western Africa as Assistant Resident
			in Northern Nigeria. Although apparently popular with the natives, he was killed by a poisoned
			arrow on 27th November 1900, aged only 29, while trying to suppress a revolt led by one of the
			local native chiefs.
			William George Michael Spens, 2nd Baron Spens
			The 2nd Baron Spens was sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment in October 1974
			after being found guilty of fraudulent conversion and theft. The following report is taken from
			'The Times' of 5 October 1974:-
			'Lord Spens, aged 60, described as a "reluctant peer", was jailed for two and a half years at the
			Central Criminal Court yesterday. The court was told that compulsive gambling had led him to use
			for himself funds belonging to the Federation of British Carpet Manufacturers, of which he was
			director.
			'Lord Spens, of Lambden, Pluckley, near Ashford, Kent, admitted six charges of fraudulent
			conversion and theft of funds totalling £151,000.
			'Mr Stephen Mitchell, for the prosecution, said that during seven years when Lord Spens had
			complete control of the finances of the federation's carpet centre in Regent Street, London, the
			accounts were not audited.
			'Judge Christmas Humphreys, QC, told him: "This is stark tragedy." The judge said he was
			impressed to hear of the "almost incredible position" in which Lord Spens had been allowed to
			stand. "That any one man in the City of London today should be allowed such enormous financial
			power puzzles me. You had literally no control. The so-called auditors were your own employers,
			who were heavily involved in the total situation." There was a likelihood of temptation being
			created and Judge Humphreys said he would regard it as a powerful factor of mitigation.
			'The judge said that Lord Spens had had a fine career, had a fine character and bore a fine
			name. "This federation was your child." The federation, now well known in the City and
			internationally, had been built up by Lord Spens and by the enormous amount of work he had put
			into it.
			'The judge said he recognized the situation had been brought about by overwork and lack of
			proper rest and recreation. In such circumstances Lord Spens had taken to gambling to relieve
			his boredom. "You became a compulsive gambler."
			'Mr Mitchell said the money, taken between 1968 and 1973, belonged to the constituent members
			of the federation which included about 40 carpet companies.
			'The federation, which aimed to promote the woven carpet industry on a national level, employed
			as accountants Fuller Jenks and Beecroft, of which Lord Spens was a partner. He as appointed
			secretary of the federation and in June, 1966, became director. He had complete control over
			the financial affairs and administration and his professional activities were exclusively confined
			to the federation's business.
			'A bank account was opened in the name of the British Carpet Centre. In the seven years
			covered by the charges a total of £184,620 in cash was withdrawn from the account. Of that,
			£151,300  was unaccounted for but, counsel said, Lord Spens claimed £25,000 of this went on
			legitimate expenses. He was unable to provide documentary evidence.
			'Mr Mitchell said Fuller, Jenks and Beecroft had fully reimbursed the British Carpet Federation.
			They, in turn, had recovered £14,451 from credit standing to Lord Spens, and received £125,542
			from their underwriters.
			'Mr Jeremy Hutchinson, QC, for the defence, said the federation's development had been entirely
			the creation of Lord Spens. There came a time when he could not cope with the obligations
			which had come through his own enthusiasm and hard work. Because of the pressure of work he
			had to spend many nights in London and he began to drink too much and visit gambling casinos.
			He had to lead an enormously expensive life, dealing with clients who unlike himself were
			"extraordinarily well-off."
			"It was the old, old story of losing and hoping that you will win it back, and totally failing to do
			so. Then going on with this sort of rake's progress hoping against hope in your heart that it will
			be discovered and stopped."
			'Lord Spens had attempted suicide at one stage. "He succeeded to his title as a reluctant peer
			last year. He has no intention of taking up his seat because of his totally modest way of life and
			background. He has no ideas of grandeur."
			'The judge was told that as director of the federation Lord Spens earned between £8,000 and
			£10,000 a year. Having regard to the cash unaccounted for, he was spending an additional
			£20,000 a year.'
			Eleanor Dalrymple, Countess of Stair, wife of the 2nd Earl of Stair
			Included in 'The Keepsake Annual' for 1828 is a short story by Sir Walter Scott entitled "My Aunt
			Margaret's Mirror." This story is available on-line via a number of sites such as Project
			Gutenberg.
			Whilst the names used in the story have been changed, the story is based upon an incident in
			the life of Eleanor, Countess of Stair.  The following is a summary of Eleanor's entry in the
			'Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.'
			Eleanor was the youngest daughter of James Campbell, 2nd Earl of Loudoun, and his wife, Lady
			Margaret Montgomerie, daughter of the 7th Earl of Eglinton. In 1697 she married, as her first
			husband, Sir James Primrose, 3rd baronet, who was later created Viscount Primrose in 1703. By
			him she had three sons and a daughter. Primrose was, by all accounts, cruel and dissolute, with
			the result that Eleanor lived in mortal fear of him. One day, while Eleanor was dressing herself,
			she saw his reflection moving towards her, carrying a drawn sword and with murder written on
			his face. Terrified for her life, she scrambled out the window and, half-naked, fled to her
			mother's house for protection.
			After this incident she refused to live with Primrose, who soon afterwards went abroad. Months
			later, having heard nothing from him, one of Eleanor's female friends persuaded her to visit a
			foreign fortune-teller who had recently arrived in Edinburgh. At the fortune-teller's lodgings, she
			was shown a mirror. As she looked into it, she was amazed to see an image of the interior of
			a church appearing in the mirror. As she watched, she realised that she was watching a
			marriage ceremony, and that the bridegroom was her own husband. Suddenly, a man entered
			the church, whom she recognised as being one of her brothers. He rushed up to Primrose in
			a threatening manner, but the image then dissolved and she saw no more. Eleanor was so
			impressed with her vision that she wrote and retained a detailed account of it.
			When Eleanor's brother returned from a journey to Holland, he told his sister that, whilst in
			Holland, he had become friendly with a wealthy Dutch merchant, who invited him to attend
			the wedding of his daughter. When the brother arrived at the church, he was horrified to find
			that the bridegroom was Sir James Primrose. He immediately informed the bride's father that
			the groom was already married, and the ceremony was halted. By referring to her notes
			taken after her visit to the fortune-teller, Eleanor and her brother were able to establish that
			both events had taken place on the same day.
			After Primrose's death in 1706, John Stair, 2nd Earl of Stair, declared his love for her. Eleanor
			told him that, in the light of her previous marital experience, she would never re-marry. He
			therefore adopted sneak tactics - one evening he bribed her servants to admit him to her
			house where he hid in a closet. Next morning, he made sure that he was seen, half-dressed,
			standing in her window. The natural inference was that he had spent the night with her, and,
			in order to save her reputation, she agreed to marry him.
			The 2nd Earl was a heavy drinker, but, after striking her when drunk, he was overcome with
			remorse and promised to change his ways. From that time on, she always sat beside him at
			social functions and rationed the amount of wine that he was allowed to drink.
			Hugh Raufe Grosvenor, son and heir of the 2nd Baron Stalbridge  (17 August 1904-
			6 January 1930)
			Grosvenor was the only son and heir of the 2nd Baron Stalbridge. He was killed in an aircraft
			accident when the flying-boat in which he was travelling crashed into Port Phillip Bay off
			Melbourne, Victoria, on 6 January 1930. The following account of the accident appeared in the
			Hobart 'Mercury' on 7 January 1930:-
			'Within a mile of Point Cook [25 km SW of Melbourne and the birthplace of the Royal Australian
			Air Force], Wackett's Widgeon II, a flying-boat owned by the Royal Australian Air Force, nose-
			dived into Port Phillip Bay this afternoon [i.e. 6 January 1930]. The machine, it is thought, sank
			immediately, carrying with it three aviators of whom no definite trace has been found.
			'They were Captain the Honourable Hugh Grosvenor, Aide-de-camp to the Governor of South
			Australia; Flight-Lieut. Frederick Albert Briggs, of the Royal Australian Air Force; and Leading-
			Aircraftsman D.C. Ewen, of the Royal Australian Air Force, stationed at Point Cook.
			'Fragments of wreckage from the flying-boat were found later by a launch which visited the
			scene, and a flying jacket was recovered which apparently had belonged to one of the three
			occupants of the Widgeon.
			'One of the pilots of an airplane circling overhead reported the Widgeon lying in about 30ft.
			of water. Salvage operations will commence tomorrow.
			'The accident, which occurred in the course of a routine test flight, is the first serious crash that
			has occurred to the flying-boats in Australia. The pilot, Flying-Officer F.A. Briggs, who is second
			instructor at Point Cook, was testing equipment in preparation for the opening of the training
			course, which will begin at the school next week. He had made several flights in the Widgeon
			earlier in the afternoon. Shortly before 4 o'clock Captain Grosvenor, who had arrived in Melbourne
			by the Adelaide express in the morning, and who had arranged to fly with Flying-Officer Briggs to
			England shortly, reached the station to discuss details of the projected flight. Captain Grosvenor
			was not an officer of the Royal Australian Air Force, and therefore could not fly an Air Force
			machine, but he accepted an invitation to accompany Flying-Officer Briggs as a passenger. The
			third member of the flying-boat's crew was Leading-Aircraftsman D.C. Ewen. The Widgeon, which
			had been overhauled, appeared to be in excellent condition, and took off without difficulty. For
			about half an hour the machine manoeuvred in wide circles over the bay. It attracted little
			attention.
			'As far as could be ascertained only one man saw the Widgeon fall. This was a mechanic at Point
			Cook, who happened to be watching the machine in its progress across the bay. Suddenly he
			was startled to see the nose of the machine dip sharply. Instead of flattening out it dropped with
			great velocity. A column of water rose in the air, and when it subsided no trace of the Widgeon
			could be seen. The mechanic promptly reported what he had seen, and orders were given
			immediately for every available machine on the station to fly over the spot where the Widgeon
			had gone down, and ascertain, if possible, its fate and that of its occupants. Without loss of time
			six machines were in the air, and circling over the bay in the vicinity of the tragedy. So disturbed
			was the water, however, by the stiff south-westerly breeze that was blowing, the observers on
			these machines could only guess the locality.
			'In the meantime a powerful launch and a rowing boat put out from Point Cook Pier in order to
			render assistance, if there should be anybody alive to assist. So rough was the water that the
			boats were obliged to put back before they had gone very far.
			'A pilot of one of the searching planes from Point Cook reported on returned to the airdrome that
			he had seen the Widgeon lying in thirty feet of water about a mile from the shore. A launch was
			directed to the spot and recovered some wreckage  and a flying jacket, which, it is assumed,
			belonged to one of the missing men. The Widgeon was constructed largely of wood, and as
			little wreckage was found floating it is believed that the machine suffered comparatively slight
			damage.
			'The mechanic who saw the machine fall estimated its height when the dive into the bay began
			at 400 feet. The flying-boat fell almost vertically nosedown. The streamline construction of
			the hull, which projects about 12 feet in front of the main planes, is such that it would dive
			into the water with a minimum damage if falling vertically.
			'Officers of the Air Force to-night expressed the view that all the occupants of the Widgeon
			must have been injured by the terrific impact of the craft with the water. The discovery of the
			floating coat suggests that one of the crew had attempted to free himself as the machine was
			falling in the hope of jumping clear. In all such accidents escape is difficult unless one is free
			before the crash. The men would probably be too seriously injured to attempt to escape.'
			Because Grosvenor was the 2nd Baron's only son, and the 2nd Baron's two younger brothers
			both pre-deceased him, the peerage became extinct on the death of the 2nd Baron.
			The Stamford Peerage Case of 1892
			The following extract is taken from 'The Chicago Daily Tribune' of 29 May 1910. Its whole
			tenor clearly illustrates the racist sentiments prevalent at that time.
			'Lord Stamford [the 9th Earl] who died last Tuesday, a quiet unassuming man, of pronounced
			evangelical tendencies, enjoyed to a marked degree the sympathy and regard of his fellow peers
			in the upper house. For it was through his exertions and at the cost of no end of trouble and
			money that he prevented the House of Lords from being compelled to receive in their midst and
			accord a seat beside them to a mulatto.
			'The eighth Earl, who was a distant cousin, shortly after becoming a clergyman of the Church of
			England, married a servant, and became involved in difficulties which made his expatriation
			necessary. He migrated to South Africa, his wife abandoning him. After her death he married
			again, in South Africa, a white woman, also of humble station, who died two years later.
			Thereupon he lived for a number of years with a coal black Hottentot woman, who occupied the
			position of cook and laundress in his household.
			'Eventually some of the missionaries of the district in which he lived persuaded him to legalize his
			relations with her by marriage, and she was thus transformed into a peeress of the realm as
			Countess of Stamford and Baroness Grey of Groby. This marriage took place after she had given
			birth to a son, John Grey, who was, however, made legitimate according to the terms of the old
			Dutch law still in force in that part of South Africa where he was born.
			On the death of the eighth Earl this mulatto son assumed his honours as ninth Earl of Stamford
			and proceeded to England with his mother to take his seat in the House of Lords and to present
			himself at Court. The peers did not relish the idea and were therefore immensely gratified when
			a claim was put forward by a colonial school teacher named William Grey to the Earldom of
			Stamford and a protest filed against the succession of the mulatto. The litigation was long and
			tiresome.
			'But eventually the Committee of Privileges of the House of Lords decided that succession to
			English peerages was governed by English law exclusively and that, although the marriage of the
			eighth Earl and his Hottentot cook had been sufficient to legitimize the birth of their son
			according to the Dutch law of South Africa, it did not have the effect of legitimizing him
			sufficiently to meet the requirements of English law.
			'He therefore was barred from taking his seat in the upper house and the Earldom was awarded
			to William Grey, who, born on this side of the Atlantic, in Newfoundland, had spent the greater
			part of his life until then earning his living as a school teacher in the colonies, especially at
			Barbados……
			'The negro Countess of Stamford returned with her son and daughter (who, born subsequent
			to her marriage, is fully entitled to the name of Lady Mary Grey) to South Africa, where they
			met with a sorry reception on the part of those who had advanced money to them on the
			strength of their belief in the validity of the mulatto's succession to the earldom and estates.
			'What has become of John Grey I am unable to say. But his sister, Lady Mary Grey, like himself
			a dark hued mulatto, has married a Boer and, as the legitimate daughter of an earl, retains her
			title. The Countess also is married, this time to a South African half breed named Pieter Pieterse,
			and has therefore forfeited her rank and prerogatives as a peeress of the realm.'
			********************
			This extract is from the Law Report in 'The Times' of 4 May 1892:-
			'……….the history of the late earl presented some very curious features. He was in holy orders
			and in 1844 married a person called Susan Gaydon, who was in a humble station of life. In or
			about 1854 he separated from her and left England for the Cape, where he resided continuously
			until the date of his death. There was no issue of that marriage, and Susan Gaydon died in
			1869. In 1872 Harry Grey, as he then was, married at Wynberg, Cape of Good Hope, Annie
			Macnamara, who was also in a comparatively humble situation in life, and after a married life
			of two years, or nearly two years, she died in 1874. At this time there was living in the house
			as a servant a woman of colour named Martha Solomon or Simon. After the death of his second
			wife it appeared that Mr Grey cohabited with this woman, with the result that two illegitimate
			children were born - a son, John, who was born in 1877, and a daughter, Frances, who was
			born in 1879. In the following year, 1880, Harry Grey married the woman Solomon, on December
			6. He believed in was a matter of common knowledge that, according to the Roman-Dutch law
			which prevailed in the Cape Colony, the effect of a marriage was to legitimate children born
			before the marriage.  Subsequently to the marriage there was only one child born, a daughter,
			Mary, who was born in 1881. She was, for the purpose of succession to this peerage, the only
			legitimate offspring of the eighth earl.'
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